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| 2008 tattoo of the Clausius inequality on a man's hand, holding both a new and burnt match, indicative of the reaction arrow of time; where “the hand represents the capacity of the human mind to analyze and understand natural phenomena, such as the power and imperative of irreversibility.” [3] |
“I have just recently found out about the EoHT—a truly marvelous project! I did not think that it could be possible for someone to be able to conduct such a demanding project, but the result itself proves it is possible. Thank you for the EoHT.”
— PhD physicist, comment to site creator Sadi-Carnot, Apr 13, 2009
| Thermodynamics News (more) |
| Pierre Perrot’s 1998 A to Z of Thermodynamics dictionary servers as a back-bone and model template to many of the EoHT articles. | Some of the core books in Libb Thims' thermodynamics book collection: the three most germane to human thermodynamics being: (1) Clausius' 1865 Mechanical Theory of Heat, (2) Gibbs' 1876 Equilibrium on the Heterogeneous Substances, and (3) Lewis' 1923 Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances. | Online manuscript construction and discussion | Draft cover of possible future hardcover multi-volume: Encyclopedia of Human Thermodynamics. |
See main: JHT (new articles), Journal article potentials, Thermodynamics journals, Interesting articles-books, Working papers, etc.The EoHT wiki is place to read classic and newly published articles on applications of thermodynamics concepts, principles, theories, and laws to all the various facets of human existence. Journals that frequently publish human thermodynamics topic related articles include: the Switzerland-based Entropy (launched: 1999), the Croatian-based Interdisiplinary Description of Complex Systems (launched: 2003), and the American-based Journal of Human Thermodynamics (launched: 2005). A representative selection of articles is shown below (a list updated periodically):
| The JHT annually publishes new human thermodynamics articles. |
● Bergin, M. Sue. (2005). “Resisting Marital Entropy”, BUY Magazine, Fall.EoHT users can can also attached or post working human thermodynamics related papers (or short books) of your own work (or favorite authors) for others to read, discuss, and critique. Embedded readable articles can be added to any site page, article, or biography.
● Thims, Libb. (2008). “On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat and Occupation” (PDF), Journal of Human Thermodynamics, Vol. 3, Issue 1. pgs. 1-7, April.
● Friston, Karl J., Daunizeau, Jean, and Kiebel, Stafan J. (2009). “Reinforcement Learning or Active Inference?”, Public Library of Science (Plosone.org), Jul 29.
● Maslova, T. V. (2010). “Thermolinguistics and Human Thermodynamics: Correspondence Principles” (abstract), Russian Journal of Mathematical Physics 17(1): 141-44.
● Gladyshev, Georgi. (2010). “On the Thermodynamics of the Evolution and Aging of Biological Matter.” Journal of Human Thermodynamics, 6: 26-38.
● Rey, Jose-Manuel. (2010). “A Mathematical Model of Sentimental Dynamics Accounting for Marital Dissolution”, PLoS One 5(3). Mar 31.
● Laszlo, Babics. (2010). “The Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Mass Societies”, Journal of Human Thermodynamics, Vol. 6, pgs. 39-46, Aug.
● Annila, Arto and Salthe, Stanley. (2010). “Cultural Naturalism”, Entropy, 12(6): 1325-43.
● Venkatasubramanian, Venkat. (2010). “Fairness is an Emergent Self-Organized Property of Free Market for Labor”, Entropy, 12(6): 1514-31.
| People: particles or molecules | |
| Philip Ball's 2004 "particle view" view of people (left), from his Critical Mass, which outlines a physics-based 'human particle' view of social behaviors, and Chris Gash's 2009 "molecule view" of people (right), from his NY Times article "Experiments Show That Molecules Can Walk, But Can They Dance?", a discussion on anthropomorphic-style nano-theory. | |
See also: social atom, human atomism, social atom, human atomThe overarching premise of the EoHT is very simple: the entire universe is comprised of particles, as defined by particle physics, and the laws of thermodynamics describe the operation, movement, and dynamic behavior of the particles of the universe. The particles which comprise one human, which can be defined either as a 'human particle' itself or as a 'human molecule', are shown in table below, which gives a particle overview of the composition of the universe. [1]
| Fundamental Particles | Composite Particles | Bound State Particles |
| Leptons and quarks form matter, while gauge bosons carry forces. Quarks feel the strong force, but leptons do not. Six different leptons exist, but the 2 above are the only stable ones and are those that occur in ordinary matter. There are 6 ‘flavors’ of quark, but only 2 occur in ordinary matter: ‘up’ and ‘down’. Each can exist in any of 3 ‘colors’. GAUGE BOSONS These are force-carrier particles. The photon and the graviton most germane to human movement. Some are yet hypothetical. ANTIPARTICLES Most particles have an antimatter equivalent that has the same mass, but whose charge and other properties are opposite. | Also known as hadrons, these are composed of quarks, antiquarks, or both, bound by gluons. BARYONS Relatively large-mass particles containing 3 quarks. MESONS Particles containing a quark and an antiquark. Hundreds of other baryons and mesons exist. EXOTIC PARTICLES Further particles have been hypothesized that do not have a place in this particle classification. They include magnetic monopoles, WIMPs (weakly interacting massive particles), and tachyons (faster than light particles). | The term 'bound state' tends to be used to refer to objects, larger in size than the hydrogen atom, considered as a single entity, particularly in cases where the term 'molecule' is not employable. Small motile entities, such as the avian flu virus (adjacent), having an approximate molecular formula of CE3HE3OE4NE4PE2SE2Ca50K50, can be viewed as a bound state of thousands of atoms. Humans, who have a measured 26-element molecular formula, can either be considered an abstract surface-attached 'human molecule', as is done in human thermodynamics and human chemistry, or as a 'human particle', as is done in human physics and human statistical mechanics, being treated in mass, statistically, to discern bulk social physics like behaviors. Three human molecules, MxFyBc, attached in the tight unit of a bound state family held together via force carrier particles called photons. Large aggregated galactic-sized structures, such as the milky way (adjacent), can be considered as a bound state of stars (e.g. sun molecule) and planets (e.g. earth molecule). |
| EoHT Ranking of IQ 225+ Geniuses | ||||
| Person | IQ | Theory | Date | |
| Johann Goethe (1749-1832) | 180-225 | A = TΔS – ΔH AB + CD → BD + AC "human elective affinities" | 1809 | |
| Albert Einstein (1879-1965) | 160-225 | Gravity ≠ Love (relativity, entropy) (E = mc²) | 1920 | |
| William Sidis (1898-1944) | 200-300 | ΔS "entropy reversal theory" | 1920 | |
| Christopher Hirata (1983-) | 225 | ΔG = ΔH – TΔS X + Y ↔ XY "relationships physics" | 2000 | |
| Four 225+ IQ range geniuses did work on entropy (S); three (Goethe, Sidis, and Hirata) on thermodynamics of human existence; and two (Goethe and Hirata) on the chemical thermodynamics of human relationships. | ||||
| | Famous/Founding HT Publication | Significance | Person | |
| 1809 | Elective Affinities | Founded the science of human chemistry by explaining the mechanisms of human relationships, e.g. marriage, friendships, daily work, occupation, and society, etc., in terms the logic of elective affinity (or chemical affinity A) and affinity reactions (chemical reactions). | Johann Goethe (1749-1832) | |
| 1859 | The Principles of Social Science | Outlined a theory of ‘social gravitation’ of how people, the ‘molecules of society’, tend to aggregate in larger cities; outlined on how social movement will only accrue when the affinities are activated between people; used the Berthelot-Thomsen principle as a basis to formulate a theory of social heat, etc. | Henry Carey (1793-1879) | |
| 1868 | Philosophical Implications of Thermodynamics | First book to address the philosophical ramifications of the newly-formed universal science of thermodynamics; Hirn's work is that to which the term 'human thermodynamics' was first used in reference (1893); see: etymology. | Gustave Hirn (1815-1890) | |
| 1887 | The Doctrine of Energy | The final chapter argues that energy and entropy can be used to explain transformations and transitions of economies; and chapter three is on the philosophical and religious, e.g. existence of god, implications of thermodynamics. | Georg Helm (1851-1923) | |
| 1898 | Essay on Social Mechanics | The first paper on human chemical thermodynamics, the thermodynamics of 'human molecules' based on the foundations of Clausius and Lagrange; taught a course on this subject for six years at the University of Geneva (1894-1900). | Leon Winiarski (1865-1915) | |
| 1899 | Lessons on Social Movement | Explains large scale social movements, i.e. gross aspects of business, social events, states of a society, etc., in terms of pure thermodynamics, using Carnot efficiency, Mayer's conservation of energy, and Clausius' entropy, etc., discussed in the guise of mechanism and reaction. | Maurice Hauriou (1856-1929) | |
See main: Video gallery, thermodynamics lecturesNewly found interesting or educational videos on human thermodynamics or thermodynamics are frequently added to site articles and to the video gallery, such as Peter Atkins on the four laws or the MC Hawking entropy video shown below. If you have an EoHT article (member page or biographical article), feel free to embed related videos summarizing your theory or view.
| Peter Atkins on the four laws | James Maxwell's 1875 thermodynamic surface sent to Willard Gibbs at Yale as a gift. |
See main: Human thermodynamics pioneers (300+)Add to the biographies and theories of those thermodynamicists, physicists, scientists, philosophers and writers who, in some way or another, have published or professed their views on aspects of the thermodynamic operation of human life, including: Gustave Hirn (1869), Henry Adams (1910), Frederick Soddy (1921), Carl Jung (1928), Leslie White (1943), C.G. Darwin (1952), Thomas Pynchon (1960), Ilya Prigogine (1977), Georgi Gladyshev (1978), Kenneth Bailey (1990), Libb Thims (1995), David Hwang (2001), Jing Chen (2002), Ingo Müller (2002), John Avery (2003), Octavian Ksenzhek (2007), Richard Hughes (2008), among others.
| The twelve founding schools of thermodynamics. |
See main: Heat theory, Caloric theory, Phlogiston theory, Terra pinguis, etc.Add biographies or tidbits on those who helped to lay out the groundwork for the science of heat, such as Herman Boerhaave, William Cullen, Joseph Black, James Watt, Antoine Lavoisier, Benjamin Thomson, Joseph Fourier, etc.
See main: Founders of thermodynamics; See also: Thermodynamicist (generations)Add to the biographies of those whose discussions, theories and publications worked to initiate the science of thermodynamics, notably Sadi Carnot, Émile Clapeyron, Robert Mayer, James Joule, William Thomson, Hermann Helmholtz, William Rankine, Rudolf Clausius, James Maxwell, August Horstmann, Ludwig Boltzmann, Willard Gibbs, Wilhelm Ostwald, Walther Nernst, Theophile de Donder, Fritz Haber, Max Planck, Gilbert Lewis, Edward Guggenheim, etc.
See main: Schools of thermodynamicsThere are over a dozen famous schools of thermodynamics teaching and development or "schools of thought" associated with either a particular person (or group of thinkers) or a particular university in which acted as epicenters of new thermodynamics development of theory and logic, out of which many new thermodynamical quantities, laws, principles, theories, ideas, branches, founders, and pioneers emerged. [1] These schools and school founders, as pictured adjacent, include: Sadi Carnot (École Polytechnique), William Thomson (Glasgow school), Rudolf Clausius (Berlin school), James Maxwell (Edinburgh school), Ludwig Boltzmann (Vienna school), Willard Gibbs (Yale school), Gustav Zeuner (Dresden school), Johannes Waals (Dutch school), Wilhelm Ostwald (Energetics school), Gilbert Lewis (Lewis school), Theophile de Donder (Brussels school), Joseph Keenan (MIT school), among at least nine other noted "schools" and school founders, as have emerged in recent years.
| Person | Contribution | Person | Contribution |
Carl Neumann (1832-1925) | Neumann, according to the 1887 views of Georg Helm (The Doctrine of Energy), was said to have been the first to theorize, thermodynamically, in economic extrapolation, about the ‘internal energy capital’ of the body, and to have participated in the training of energy performances (efficiencies) in economic analogies. | Yevgeny Zamyatin (1884-1937) | Explained the Russian revolutions of 1905 and 1917 in the language of thermodynamics. Wrote the 1921 novel We from the human particle point of view focused on the connection between entropic mechanism, evolutionary vitalism, and revolution; also, due to synesthesia, described the “color of entropy”. |
Mehdi Bazargan (1907-1995) | His 1956 book Thermodynamics of Humans, written while in prison (for efforts to bring democracy to Iran), applies thermodynamic formulation and equations to explain human activity; in 1979 he became prime minster (president) of Iran. | Manuel De Landa (1952-) | His 2002 book Intensive Science and the New Philosophy, explains how the thermodynamic conceptions of "intensive" properties (versus extensive properties) drives change in the dynamics of social and biological populations; his 2009 lectures, on 'materialism', advocates a philosophy that the world is one of material processes that exist independent of the mind, as explained by physics and chemistry. |
Thomas Wallace (c.1937-) | His 2009 book Wealth, Energy, and Human Values, explains how 'enthalpy H and entropy S represent the variables of heat content and probability, respectively, for the processes of society and that free energy, defined by the Gibbs equation ΔG = ΔH – TΔS, represents the fundamental driving force that determines which physical and chemical processes of society will take place. |
See also: evolution, evolutionary thermodynamics, and thermodynamic evolution.The EoHT evolution timeline is the the Internet's longest horizontally-scrolling evolution timeline, which shows the main steps in the chemical mechanism from assembly of subatomic particles 13.7-billion-years ago to the synthesis of the modern human being (a 26-element human molecule) 150,000-years-ago:
| H | H2O | [C10H16O13N5P2]N | CE10HE10OE10NE9PE8 SE8CaE8KE6ClE6NaE6 MgE6FeE5SiE4MnE2CoE2 | CE27HE27OE27NE26PE25SE24 CaE25KE24ClE24NaE24MgE24 FeE23FE23ZnE22SiE22CuE21 BE21IE20SnE20MnE20SeE20 CrE20NiE20MoE19CoE19VE18 | |||
| 13.7 BYA | Seconds after Bang | 13.2 BYA | 4.4 BYA | 4.1 BYA | 3.9 BYA | 45 MYA | 150,000 Year Ago |
| American chemical engineer Ted Erickson, pointing to a printed version of the evolution timeline, at a 2010 lecture at the Illinois Institute of Technology, attempting to argue to engineer Libb Thims and physicist David Gore, that Planck length particles have consciousness. [5] |
See main: Human thermodynamics booksThe following are recent human thermodynamics themed books. If you are an author or know of an author with an upcoming book using thermodynamics to explain humanities, and you would like the
| Thermodynamic Theory of the Evolution of Living Beings (1997) by Russian physical chemist Georgi Gladyshev. | The Entropy Vector: Connecting Science and Business (2004) by English mechanical engineers Robert Handscombe and Eann Patterson. | Theory of History and Social Evolution (2006) by Iranian-born American materials science engineer Robert Kenoun. | Money: Virtual Energy: Economy through the Prism of Thermodynamics (2007) by Russian bioelectrochemist Octavian Ksenzhek. | Wealth, Energy, and Human Values: the Dynamics of Decaying Civilizations from Ancient Greece to America (2009) by American physical chemist Thomas Wallace. |
| Site: SocialThermodynamics.hu | Site: Carbon-Entromorphology.com | Site: SocialThermodynamics.org |
| Launch: 2004 | Launch: 2008 | Launch: 2009 |
| Hungarian sociologist Babics Laszlo presents his 2003 (95-page) treatise "The Mechanics and Thermodynamics of of Mass Societies", in both Hungarian and English translations, in which he seems to be the first person to make an attempt at a determination of a social Avogadro number, which he assigned as A = 60. | English biologist Mark Janes promotes a theory in which, similar to other human atom theories, he considers a human to be a "giant carbon atom", and uses aspects of chemical thermodynamics, particularly the Gibbs free energy, i.e. the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, to explain aspects of humanity such as: good, evil, purpose, evolution, sexuality, human bonding, etc. | Spanish physicist Alberto Hernando and business entrepreneur Gregory Botanes use concepts including Zipf’s law, Dunbar number, six degrees of separation, Shannon informatin, MaxEnt theory, and Fisher information, to model businesses and society as gas and liquid systems, so to consult companies using a semi-thermodynamics semi-information theory approach. |
A thermodynamics system of seven human molecules, contained in a boundary, and quantified by a system energy and entropy. | |
| Release date: Mar 06, 2008 |
“Society is a system of human molecules in a complex mutual relationship.”
| Freud (1962) | The Exorcist (1973) | Elective Affinities (1996) | Good Will Hunting (1997) | Sexual Chemistry (1999) | The Matrix (1999) |
| (Sigmund Freud) (Psycho-dnamics) (Carl Jung) (Psychic energy) (Psychic entropy) (Mihály Csíkszentmihályi) (Psychic negentropy) | (Pierre Teilhard) (God) (Entropy) (Evil) | (Johann Goethe) (Love) (Relationships) (Human chemistry) (Human elective affinities) (Human affinity table) (Death) | (William Sidis) (IQ:225+) Animate and the Inanimate (Entropy reversal) (Maxwell's demon) (Reserve energy) | (Sexual chemistry) (Sexual heat) (Sexual temperature) (Sexual thermometer) (Sex) | (Kevin Kelly) (Jean Baudrillard) (Evolutionary psychology) |
| Beckhap's law | |
| Visual and verbal depiction of Beckhap's law (c.1975), that beauty times brains equals a constant: Screen shot (and thinking-to-herself words) of Cynthia, described as the "Superbowl of women", in the 2000 film 100 Girls. Beckhap’s law was corroborated by the 2002 study, by American chemical engineer Libb Thims, of 2,018 University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) college students, of the graduating classes of 1969 and 1972, showing that attractiveness (deemed attractiveness of graduation photo) is inversely proportion to intelligence (deemed intellectual difficulty of graduation degree); a follow-up to a Gibbs equation based derivation of the Beckhap’s law done the previous year. |
See main: EoHT (history)In circa 1995, undergraduate chemical student Libb Thims, at the University of Michigan, began to wonder how the spontaneity criterion (ΔG < 0), particularly as discerned through Beckhap's law, applies to the male-female reaction, the central process of society, in which a man meets a women, they fall in love (20 percent of people fall in love at first sight and marry that person), produce a child; an entity which then begins to detach from the family household at about the fifteen-year mark; a process that 85 percent of people will go through. This so-called 'spontaneity criterion puzzle' is a reverse engineering problem-puzzle as to how to apply the well-established chemical reaction spontaneity criterion to the modeling of the spontaneities of human-human reactions, particularly in regard to mate selection, so as to be able to 'predict', in a theoretical (or actual) sense, spontaneous reactions in human relationships.
| Reverse Engineering Puzzle | ||
| Male M and female F react yielding the product of a 15-year old child C | The spontaneity criterion can be used to determines if a reaction if feasible | |
| The central function of the EoHT is the collection of knowledge concerning how human chemical reactions are understood according to the spontaneity criterion. | ||
See also: Wetpaint Central HelpTo start a new page, first play around with the practice page, then use the search box to see if the article exists, and (if it does not exist) then start the article by following the instructions in the following link: "how to start new page?" To see how to add equations, see the help page: equations and symbols.
| A partial listing human thermodynamics quotes (2000 or before). | ||
| Estimated circa Feb 2010 value of EoHT.info, according to MySiteCost.com: 894 page views (298 unique visits) per day. [4] |
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