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Boerhaave's law
In science, Boerhaave's law or axiom, also called the "law of expansion", states that that every body, whether solid or fluid, is augmented in all its dimensions by any increase of its sensible heat. [1] This law or axiom is named after Dutch physician and chemist Herman Boerhaave who introduced this propostion in his 1720s chemistry lectures at the University of Leyden. According to one 1862 view of Boerhaave’s “law of expansion” there are a number of points to this axiom:
In a modern sense, these statements can be interpreted as being due to the actions of the photon, in the movement of heat in systems of atoms, molecules, and structures, being the force carrier of the electromagnetic force, causes electrons to jump up in atomic orbital making the attached atom more unstable and moveable, thus creating the expansion.
History
This axiom or universal law was established in the early 18th century lectures of Dutch physician and chemist Herman Boerhaave, particularly in his 1724 chemistry textbook Elements of Chemistry. This axiom seems to have become a well fact in the decades to follow. In the opening sentence to French chemist Antoine Lavoisier’s 1787 Elements of Chemistry, for instance, Lavoisier states:
In other words, adding heat to a body or system (volume) causes expansion, and this fact is a physical axiom long ago established phenomenon of nature.
References
1. Lavoisier, Antoine. (1789). Elements of Chemistry, (pg. 5). London: G.G. and J.J. Robinsons.
2. Dickens, Charles. (1862). All the Year Round, (Section: Fire, pg. 393-95). Jan. 18.
(a) The same degree of fire rarefies fluids sooner, and in greater degree, than it does solids. Without this law, the thermometer would be useless, since the cavity of the tube would then be dilated in the same proportion as the fluid is rarefied.
(b) The lighter the fluid, the more it is dilated by fire. Air, the lightest of fluids known (to Boerhaave), expands the most; after air, spirit of wine.
(c) All the motion in nature arises from fire alone; taking this away, all things become immovable. At the absence of only a certain degree of fire, all oils, waters, spirits, vegetables, and animals, become hard, rigid, and inert. If the greatest degree of cold was arrived at, and all fire was absolutely taken away, all nature would grow into one concrete body, sold as gold and hard as diamond: on the reapplication of fire it would recover its former mobility.
In a modern sense, these statements can be interpreted as being due to the actions of the photon, in the movement of heat in systems of atoms, molecules, and structures, being the force carrier of the electromagnetic force, causes electrons to jump up in atomic orbital making the attached atom more unstable and moveable, thus creating the expansion.
History
This axiom or universal law was established in the early 18th century lectures of Dutch physician and chemist Herman Boerhaave, particularly in his 1724 chemistry textbook Elements of Chemistry. This axiom seems to have become a well fact in the decades to follow. In the opening sentence to French chemist Antoine Lavoisier’s 1787 Elements of Chemistry, for instance, Lavoisier states:
“That every body, whether solid or fluid, is augmented in all its dimensions by any increase of its sensible heat, was long ago fully established as a physical axiom, or universal proposition, by the celebrated Boerhaave.”
In other words, adding heat to a body or system (volume) causes expansion, and this fact is a physical axiom long ago established phenomenon of nature.
References
1. Lavoisier, Antoine. (1789). Elements of Chemistry, (pg. 5). London: G.G. and J.J. Robinsons.
2. Dickens, Charles. (1862). All the Year Round, (Section: Fire, pg. 393-95). Jan. 18.
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