
In
economic thermodynamics,
Dimitris N. Keranis (c. 1945-) is a Greek lawyer and thermodynamic social theorist noted for his 2005 essay "Human Values and the Second Law of Thermodynamics", in which he argues that
Gibb's function: 
where G is the Gibbs free energy, H the enthalpy, T the temperature, and S the entropy of the system, an equation which quantifies the relationship between energy and entropy, contains the two opposing forces in the production of not just chemical work but work in a social system. [1] A social system's production of work and entropy, according to Keranis depends on two antithetically opposed factors: the flow of economic acts and the flow of values. [2] In addition, according to Keranis, from the perspective of economic analysis, this relationship between the flow of economic acts and the flow of values is captured by Zolotas' function, developed in 1881 by Greek social economist Xenophon Zolotas which relates economic growth to social welfare. [3] References 1. Thims, Libb. (2007). Human Chemistry (Volume Two), (preview), (Section: "Keranis' social organization free energy theories", pgs. 452-455). Morrisville, NC: LuLu.
2. Dimitris, Keranis, N. (2005). “Human Values and the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics”. Athens University. 3. Zolotas, Xenophon. (1981). Economic Growth and Social Welfare. New York University Press.