In 1907, when Einstein was asked to write a review of relativity, and while working with
David Hilbert to extend special relativity to form general relativity, they decided to bring on Noether as a consultant to help solve the problem of how the conservation of energy integrates into relativity. (
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In 1918, Noether used group theory to show that to every invariance or symmetry property of a physical
law corresponds a conservation principle, and vice versa, aka
Noether’s theorem. Her theorem, supposedly, reconceptualized energy as an algebraic property in a system of operators, on invariance condition among many. [1] Noether’s theorem is said to have implications for the definition of
energy as a substance and have some type of relationship to the
conservation of energy.
David Hilbert, her teacher, and
Albert Einstein, and others, have characterized her as the most important woman in the history of mathematics.