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Example of an early 20th-century style human molecule themed article, entitled "Human Molecules" (1910), by American philosopher Mary Mesny, in which she defines a person as an atom or molecule and outlines a simple human chemical bonding theory modeled on affinity bonding (valences) of atoms. [69] |
See also: Human molecule (Wikipedia); Human molecule (banned)In human chemistry, human molecule is the atomic definition of a person. [1] The following 26-element formula is the latest calculation (2007) of the molecular formula for a typical 70kg (154lb) person: [2]
CE27HE27OE27NE26PE25SE24CaE25KE24ClE24NaE24MgE24FeE23FE23
ZnE22SiE22CuE21BE21IE20SnE20MnE20SeE20CrE20NiE20MoE19CoE19VE18
A + B → AB (combination reaction)
Functional elements (highlighted), from hydrogen (smallest) to iodine (largest), in the human molecule, according to 2002-2007 research of engineer Libb Thims, as shown (hyperlinked) on the hmolscience periodic table. [1] |
“We conclude that [there exists] a principle of the human body [which] comes from the great [process] [in which] so many millions of atoms of the earth become many millions of human molecules.”
In 1798, French polymath Jean Sales coined the term 'molécule humaine' or human molecule (English). |
This French origin has to do with the fact that the term ‘molécule’ itself originated in France, supposedly first used in either the circa 1620 works of French philosopher Rene Descartes, who is said to have used the term to mean a small mass, or the 1649 work of French thinker Pierre Gassendi, who used the term molecule in the sense of the attachment of two or more atoms. The first English usage of the term ‘human molecule’ seems to come from the the 1855 English translation of French composer Hector Berloiz 1854 book Evenings with the Orchestra, in the original French version of which Berloiz used the term ‘molécule humaine’ referring to children in choir. Prior to (and after) this usage by Berloiz, however, there seems to exist a large, yet undocumented, usage of the term molécule humaine in French publications, e.g. Alphonse Esquiros (1840), Yves Guyot (1903), etc.
1999 artistic rendition of the human particle (human atom or human atomism) view of people conceived as Daniel Bernoulli-style kinetic theory gas particles . [67] |
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Human molecular formula diagram from chapter "The Human Molecule" in Human Chemistry (2007) by Libb Thims. |
Which molecule has free will, is alive, is moral, has a brain? | |
(an animate molecule) | |
The "forced" input of a single photon (a force carrier) causes the three-element retinal molecule to "move" into a straightened position; when the light is no longer present, the retinal molecule reverts back to the bent position. | The "forced" input of a billions of photons (force carriers) causes the twenty-six-element human molecule to "move" into a straightened upright position; when the light is no longer present (e.g. nighttime), the human molecule reverts back to its bent position (e.g. curled in sleep). |
“Molecules have neither free will nor any will at all.”
Humorous depiction of a human-like 'walking molecule' from the 2009 NY Times article "Experiments Show That Molecules Can Walk" by Henry Fountain. [54] |
A two-legged 21-atom walking molecule (red) on a track, on which it walks when its environment oscillates between basic to acidic. [55] |
“The points of this crystal of human molecules, constantly directed from the circumference towards the center, was bi-colored—the dark blue of the little boys’ coats on the upper stages, and the white of the little girls’ frocks and caps occupying the lower ranks. Besides this, as the boys wore either a polished brass badge or silver medal, their movements caused the light reflected by these metal ornaments to flash and produce the effect of a thousand sparks kindling and dying out every minute upon the somber background of the picture.”
Left: Timeline video themed on the human molecule, themed on the 2008 song “Human” by The Killers (March 2009). Right: 2006 photo by American photographer Pierre Rousseau entitled “The Constant Flow of Human Molecules”, with the subtitle: “in blind service to Kant's Categorical Imperative. The newest psycho-babble craze is to get happy by preservation of "good" behaviors in acceptance of and slavery to the machine.” [59] |
“He first notes and follows the general transformations presented by a certain human molecule, or a certain peculiar group of human molecules; and, to explain these transformations, he writes the psychology of the molecule or its group.”
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Leon Walras | Vilfredo Pareto |
In circa 1872, in efforts to make a science out of economics, French economist Léon Walras began to develop a theory of economic equilibrium in which he consider people to be "economic molecules"; students of this school of thought include French-Italian mathematical engineer Vilfredo Pareto and Polish sociologist Léon Winiarski who each developed human molecular theories of their own, the latter using Rudolf Clausius as a basis. |
“Society is a system of human molecules in a complex mutual relationship.”
“First we separate the study of ophelimity (economic satisfaction) from the diverse forms of utility, then we direct our attention to man himself; stripping him of a large number of his attributes, leaving out the passions, good or bad, reducing him to a kind of molecule that only acts in response to the forces of ophelimity.”
This was outlined further in his 1916 Treatise on General Sociology, wherein his goal, as it has been argued, was to construct a system of sociology analogous in its essential features to the generalized chemical thermodynamics system as outlined in American mathematical physicist Willard Gibbs’ 1876 On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substance. A residual protege of this school of logic was Polish sociologist Léon Winiarski who formulated the subject of "social mechanics", a course taught at the University of Geneva (1894-1900), based on the dynamics of Italian mathematician Joseph Lagrange and the thermodynamics of German physicist Rudolf Clausius. To cite an excerpt of Winiarski's 1898 book Essay on Social Mechanics: [51]
“It is axiomatic to say that the fundamental forces soliciting the individual in society are egoism and altruism. If we consider the individual as a molecule of the social aggregate, these two forces can be regarded as playing the same role that attraction and repulsion play in any material system of the universe.”
“The society is therefore considered as an aggregate of individual molecules, each depending on the forces of desire, which together through their interaction tend the society towards maximum satisfaction.”
American economist Henry Carey, described as the 'Newton of social science' for his use of physics and chemistry in explaining the social phenomenon of reactions between people, the 'molecules of society'. |
“In the inorganic world, every act of combination is an act of motion. So it is in the social one. If it is true that there is but one system of laws for the government of all matter, then those which govern the movements of the various inorganic bodies should be the same with those by which is regulated the motion of society; and that such is the case can readily be shown.”
“In the physical universe, heat is engendered by friction. Consequently the case must be the same in the social world. The ‘particles’ must rub together here, as they do there. The rubbing of the human molecules, which produces warmth, light and forward movement, is the interchange of goods, services, and ideas.”
“Civil law, commerce, political economy, and international ethics are all based on the assumption that the social body consists of such human molecules, and there is no reason why the methods of physical science should not be applied to the statics and dynamics of that society, the passions and rights of the individual man corresponding exactly to the chemical and physical forces inherent in the material molecule.”
American historian Henry Adams adopted Taine's 1869 'human molecular' philosophy; defining human chemistry as the study of the 'mutual attraction of equivalent human molecules' (1885) and also wrote two books using the human molecule perspective: one on Willard Gibbs' phase rule applied to the phases of humanity (1909) and another on the application of William Thomson's degradation version of the second law applied to collective sets of evolving human molecules, viewed historically (1910). |
“I am not prepared to deny or assert any proposition which concerns myself; but certainly this solitary struggle with platitudinous atoms, called men and women by courtesy, leads me to wish for my wife again. How did I ever hit on the only women in the world who fits my cravings and never sounds hollow anywhere? Social chemistry—the mutual attraction of equivalent human molecules—is a science yet to be created, for the fact is my daily study and only satisfaction in life.”This logic is clearly seen in Adams’ 1910 A Letter to American Teachers of History, wherein Adams argues that the history must be viewed as transformations of groups of human molecules subject to the second law of thermodynamics. The book presents an bivalent discussion on paradoxical relationship between Lord Kelvin's 1852 take on the second law as a universal tendency towards the dissipation of energy and Charles Darwin's 1859 take on evolution as a universal tendency towards the elevation of mental energy. Specifically, Adams reasoned that "the laws of thermodynamics must embrace human history in its past as well as in its early phase" and that from the point of view of a physicist, to explain the fall of potential, as embodied in the first and second law of thermodynamics, in relation to "Darwin's law of elevation", he must:
“The historian will begin with his favorite figure of gaseous nebula, and may offer to treat primitive humanity as a volume of human molecules of unequal intensities, tending to dissipate energy, and to correct the loss by concentrating mankind into a single, dense like sun.”History, then, according to Adams, "would then become a record of successive phases of contraction, divided by periods of explosion, tending always towards an ultimate equilibrium in the form of a volume of human molecules of equal intensity, without coordination." In human chemistry terms, Adams was attempting to reconcile the second law, i.e. that all natural systems are irreversible and tend to dissipate energy in their work cycles, by postulating that human systems compensate or create new energy by the act of contraction of people in the formation of cities and and world powers, similar to how the sun continuously releases energy by the gravitational contraction of mass. In modern terms, Adams' human molecule social contraction theory can be interpreted through the release of energy in the formation of new human chemical bonds in coupled coordination with the dissolution of bonds old.
1988 acrylic on canvas (27.5”x51.5”) painting, entitled “Human Molecule”, by Canadian aboriginal artist Norval Morrisseau, which seems to give the impression, possibly evolutionarily, that a human is a molecule, being part fish, part bird. [58] |
“France has repeatedly changed its political constitution in this century but, through all vicissitudes, under many different governments, the regime founded by Napoleon Bonaparte persisted as the mode of education has remained the same. Twenty years ago, France sought to establish freedom with the Republic, she believes she has succeeded, and freedom, she says possesses ". How does it prepare new generations to use and Others How those born since in 1870 they are learning about freedom? If the parliamentary monarchy of July had not had the courage, if the Republic of 1848 has not had time, if the Second Empire could not have the will repudiate the dangerous legacy of Napoleon, the Third Republic, who has time and should have the courage and determination, she undertook what no one has been able, willing or dared to do before it? Did she understand how risk it runs, raising his free citizens by whatever means were combined to perpetuate the reign of the despotic one? Prefects and principals of the Republic today have no other conception of their role than once under the sword of Napoleon. In our schools, even military discipline, even numbered piles of human molecules that huge wheel turning in all of France under the pedal stroke of the Minister, crushed and pulped to humanity ' .”
“I find, in my own case, that it helps greatly to a clear understanding of a concept if a mental picture can be called up which will illustrate the concept, if even imperfectly. Some such picture may be formed by thinking of the motions of the players in a game of football. At some critical point in the game, the players are running, some this way, some that; one has picked up the ball and is running with it, followed by two or three others; while players from the opposite side are slanting towards him, intent upon a collision. The backs are at rest, perhaps; but, on the approach of the ball to the goal, they quicken into activity, and the throng of human molecules is turned and pursues an opposite course. The failure of this analogy to represent what is believed to occur in a gas is that the players’ motion is directed and has purpose; that they do not move in straight lines, but in any curves which may suit their purpose; and that they do not, as two billiard-balls do, communicate their rates of motion to the other by collision. But, making such reservations, some idea may be gained of the encounters of molecules by the encounters in a football-field.”
American writer Thomas Dreier's 1948 book We Human Chemicals: the Knack of Getting Along with Everybody, written with consultation from Harvard chemist Gustavus Esselen, in which principles of chemistry are applied to facets of human interactions on the view that each person is a 'human chemical' constructed from elements of the periodic table. [49] |
“In the world of science, the chemist works with 96 elements, 92 of the period table, plus four recently discovered. These elements can be combined to make anything and everything of a material nature. So it is with people. All of us are human chemicals. Some of human chemicals can be mixed only with great difficulty; some explode if brought together; some excite each other beneficially; others are inert; others mix to form potent combinations; still others act as potent chemical catalysts, bringing about desirable changes in others when mixed with them, without themselves being changed.”
“War to bring about peace seems paradoxical. Yet it seems undoubtedly to be true, as the Perris says, that war is often a process of evolution—an explosive process which occurs when the progressive movement of human molecules towards a reorganization making for equality of opportunity and a betterment of the law, is unduly held back by the forces of standpatism and vested interests.”
“All men are like chemical elements in a well-stocked laboratory, and the manager, foreman, or handler of men, in his daily work, may be considered as the chemist [whose] primary requirement [or] principle work is the analysis and synthesis of the reactions resulting from combinations of individuals.”
Left: English-born American navel engineer William Fairburn not only viewed people as 'human chemicals' but also wrote the first book on human chemistry (1914). Center: French philosopher Pierre Teilhard wrote extensively on the use of atomic reductionism, defining people as human molecules, in attempts to reinterpret religion, evolution, and spirituality in modern scientific language, with focus on the evolution of the mind and the social collective in view of the future as described in his omega point theory. Right: American physician George Carey, first to state that a human being is actually a chemical formula (1919). |
“If the power of attraction between simple atoms is so great, what may we expect if similar bonds are contracted between human molecules?”
“The human organism is an intelligent entity that works under the guidance which man has designated as chemical affinity.”
“Man’s body is a chemical formula in operation”
2008 poll "Are You a Giant Molecule" conducted online by English physicist Jim Eadon (graph from Thims' 2008 The Human Molecule), which shows that about 57% of Internet users think they are a molecule. [17] |
“It can be shown that in all cases, that human molecules rise and fall within the class into which they are born, in a manner which fits the hypothesis that they do so because of their relative aptitudes; and it can also be shown, second, that they rise and fall across the boundary lines of their class in the same manner. This rise and fall into higher and lower classes as a rule takes more than one generation. These molecules are therefore families rather than individuals. And this explains why observers who focus attention on individuals so frequently fail to find any relation between ability and class position.”
1949 diagram of ‘the social atom’, in the Jacob Moreno-scheme, of an interviewed female (#3) by American sociologist Leslie Zeleny. [56] |
“Social atom, operational definition: plot all the individuals a person chooses and those who choose him or her, all the individuals a person rejects and those who reject he or she; all the individuals who do not reciprocate either choices or rejections. This is the ‘raw’ material of a person’s social atom.”
English physicist C.G. Darwin (grandson of Charles Darwin) defined the science of 'human thermodynamics' as the study of systems of 'human molecules.' (1952) |
“In Darwin's view, the human molecules have one fundamental property that dominates all others: they tend to increase their numbers up to the absolute limit of their food supply.”
“We may, so to speak, reasonably hope to find the Boyle’s law which controls the behavior of those very complicated molecules, the members of the human race, and from this we should be able to predict something of man’s future. When I compare human beings to molecules, the reader may feel that this is a bad analogy, because unlike a molecule, a man has a free will, which makes his actions unpredictable.
This is far less important than might appear at first sight, as is witnessed by the very high degree of regularity that is shown by such things as census returns. Thus, though the individual collisions of human molecules may be a little less predictable than those of gas molecules, census returns show that for a larger population the results average out with great accuracy. The internal principle [internal energy] then of the human molecules is human nature itself.”
Pages three through five from the 2002 book Ecological Stoichiometry, by American limnologists Robert Sterner and James Elser, showing the first published calculation of the molecular formula of a human being. [11] |
“Just as modern chemistry concerns itself with what it calls the chemical bond, seeking the forces that make atoms stick together as molecules, so does sociology investigate the forces that enable biologically derived human beings to stick together in the ‘social molecules’ in which we actually find them from the moment, quite literally, of their conception.”
“Virtually everyone who has a superior is part of at least one vertical ‘couple’; every boss forms such a bond with each subordinate. Such vertical couples are a basic unit of organizational life, something akin to human molecules that interact to form the lattice work of relationship that is the organization.”
“The welfare of human society is best served by the view of people as ‘human molecules’ who, by pursuing their own interests through the market, inevitably promote the general good.”
American limnologists Robert Sterner and James Elser: calculated a 22-element molecular formula for one average human being, based on actual mass composition measurements, in April 2000, as found in their 2002 textbook Ecological Stoichiometry. |
See main: Human molecular formulaThe first calculation of the empirical molecular formula for the human being was made in April of 2000 by American limnologists Robert Sterner and James Elser. [15] Sterner and Elser published there results in the 2002 book Ecological Stoichiometry: the Biology of Elements from Molecules to the Biosphere. In outlining their subject, Sterner and Elser state:
“The stoichiometric approach considers whole organisms as if they were single abstract molecules.”
In September 2002, American chemical engineer Libb Thims, independently, calculated a 26-element molecular formula for an average human being, based on actual mass composition measurements, as found in his 2007 textbook Human Chemistry. |
M + W → B
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A molecular evolution table showing key structures in the synthesis of human beings (human molecules) over the last 13.7-billion years. |
Left: Original circa 1487 drawing of the Vitruvian man by Italian polymath Leonardo Da Vinci (CB IQ=200), a man depicted as a theoretical geometric figure, representative of a tiny universe, analogous to the structure of the surrounding universe. Left (center): 2002 first edition of American writer John Hodgson's chemical aphorism style book on the similarities between humans and molecules. [41] Right (center): 2008 depiction of Da Vinci's Vitruvian man defined as a 26-element molecule, shown on the cover of the 122-page book The Human Molecule by American chemical engineer Libb Thims. [2] Right: 2010 depiction of Da Vanci's Vitruvian man, representative of a human defined similar, analogous, aphorismic to a molecule, shown on the cover of the second edition American writer John Hodgson's book re-titled as molecules humans. [63] |
“Different molecules or humans behave differently having different reactions or behaviors to changing situations.”
“When molecules or humans mesh they have chemical or physical reaction and or reproduction.”
Online publication (2005) of the formula for one human molecule (with rotating break-dancer and caffeine stick-figure representations) by American chemical engineer Libb Thims. [66] |
“With experiment we can better understand these molecules or humans like we never knew before.”All-in-all, Hodgson’s book contains 98 of these sayings; although most, to note, are rather incoherent and negligibly connected to actual human chemistry.
“Molecules and humans take in elements or food.”
“Molecules and humans engage in different behaviors and or sex.”
“Molecules and humans make or change common bonds.”
Day one: Two people, i.e. human molecules, Mx and Fy, meet in their school orbitals, and begin to associate. | Day 90: The two human molecules develop more orbital overlap (stability) by hanging out at the houses of mutual friends. | Day 365: The two human molecules fuse, by combining their previous separate nuclei into one (they move in together). |
Opening section from the 2005 New Scientist article "That's Life", in which a 12-element empirical formula for a human is given. [70] |
H15,750N31006,500C2,250Ca63P48K15S15Na10Cl6Mg3Fe1
See main: Molecular evolution tableDuring the writing of the manuscripts for Human Thermodynamics (Volumes 1-3), Thims began to make an evolution table putting the hydrogen atom at the top row and the human molecule at the bottom row, filling in known intermediates in the middle rows (monkey, shrew, fish, bacteria, etc.), and calculating approximate molecular formulas for each each intermediate structure.
H | H2O | [C10H16O13N5P2]N | CE10HE10OE10NE9PE8 SE8CaE8KE6ClE6NaE6 MgE6FeE5SiE4MnE2CoE2 | CE27HE27OE27NE26PE25SE24 CaE25KE24ClE24NaE24MgE24 FeE23FE23ZnE22SiE22CuE21 BE21IE20SnE20MnE20SeE20 CrE20NiE20MoE19CoE19VE18 | |||
13.7 BYA | Seconds after Bang | 13.2 BYA | 4.4 BYA | 4.1 BYA | 3.9 BYA | 45 MYA | 150,000 Year Ago |
American physicist Mark Buchanan's 2007 book The Social Atom, in which he applies physics principles to the modeling of people in mass as collectives of social atoms. [43] |
“We should think of people as if they were atoms or molecules following fairly simple rules and try to learn the patterns to which those rules lead.”
“The laws of physics are beginning to provide a new picture of the human atom or [rather] social atom—and this is a picture that does not conflict with the existence of individual free will. Just as atomic-level chaos gives rise to the clockwork precision of thermodynamics, so can free individuals come together into predictable patterns.”
“People are like particles, they behave in groups as if they were molecules in a test-tube.”
See also: Human chemical reaction (history)The dynamic evolving attachment of human molecules together into structures, e.g. A≡B, such as marriage pairs, friendships, family units, etc., actuates according to the function of human chemical bonds. The rearrangement of bonds, the formation of new bonds, or the dissolution of old bonds, defines the process of a human chemical reaction, such as shown below:
A + B → AB (combination reaction)
AB → A + B (dissolution reaction)
Indian-born American mechanical engineer Kalyan Annamalai and American mechanical engineer Carlos Silva’s 2011 engineering thermodynamics textbook definition of a human formulaically as a “26-element energy/heat driven dynamic atomic structure”, based on the work of American electrochemical engineer Libb Thims (2002). [71] |
“Humans may be called a 26-element energy/heat driven dynamic atomic structure.”
“The economy of mankind is a very large and extremely complicated system [and] people are the 'molecules' of which it consists.”Ksenzhek goes on to use energy and entropy to study the ways in which the "various associations of people constitute its structural components." [23] In 2010, Martin Gardiner, of the Annals of Improbable Research, the group that administers the Ig Nobel Prizes aiming to spotlight research that makes people laugh and then think, ran a four-part, three-day article on the work of Libb Thims, entitled “I Am Not A Molecule”, subtitled 'Inside the IoHT', discussing topics such as Thims' 2008 book The Human Molecule, the Human Chemistry 101 video lectures on the human molecule, the Institute of Human Thermodynamics, the Journal of Human Thermodynamics, among other topics. Gardiner considers the subject of the chemistry and thermodynamics of human molecules to be an emergent intellectual development.
“And when that happens with a critical mass of employees (usually, 5 or 10 percent is all you need) throughout the company, it creates a kind of fusion – a coming together of the human particles in the corporate molecule that releases a massive amount of energy.”
See main: Number of atoms inTo give an idea as to the magnitude of the number of atoms in one human molecule as compared to, for instance, the number of atoms in one water molecule (three) or the number of atoms comprising the earth (sexdecillion), the following table lists names to common larger numbers. [53] The third column, Exp, shows the old-fashioned calculator shorthand symbol for large numbers, in which E is short for exponent, in the sense that, for instance, E9 is short for 10E9 which is short for
# | Name | Number of Atoms | Exp | In |
hundred | 100 | E2 | ||
thousand | 1,000 | E3 | ||
million | 1,000,000 | E6 | ||
billion | 1,000,000,000 | E9 | ten bacteria molecules | |
trillion | 1,000,000,000,000 | E12 | ||
quadrillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000 | E15 | ten pre-aquatic worms | |
quintillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 | E18 | ||
sextillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 | E21 | one small fish | |
septillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 | E24 | ||
octillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 | E27 | one person (human molecule) | |
nonillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 | E30 | ||
decillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 | E33 | ||
undecillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 | E36 | ||
duodecillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 | E39 | ||
tredecillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 | E42 | ||
quattuordecillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 | E45 | ||
quindecillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 | E48 | ||
sexdecillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 | E51 | one earth molecule (the earth) | |
septendecillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 | E54 | ||
octodecillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 | E57 | one sun molecule (the sun) | |
novemdecillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 | E60 | ||
vigintillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000 | E63 | ||
unvigintillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000 | E66 | the milky way galaxy | |
duovigintillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000 | E69 | ||
tresvigintillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000 | E72 | ||
quattuorvigintillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000 | E75 | ||
quinquavigintillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000,000 | E78 | ||
sesvigintillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000,000,000 | E81 | the observable universe | |
septemvigintillion | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 | E84 |
"I am a molecule!" (Apr 2009) [9:32 min] |
"I am not a molecule!" (Apr 2009) [6:10 min] |
“To all rational readers, the use of the chemical theory is nonsense and childish fooling around.”
A Twitter page, by Michael Halliday777, where he defines himself as a “human molecule” via the human molecular formula. (Ѻ) |