2009 backdrop to the Human Chemistry 101 channel, showing that for two people to react they must "collide" in such a way that their movements surmount the activation energy barrier after which a decrease in Gibbs free energy (ordinate) over time (abcissa) signifies favored human chemical reaction, into which the stable product, the dihumanide molecule, forms, connect via a human chemical bond: A≡B.

In chemistry, human chemistry is the study of reactions between people. [1] American self-defined 'human chemist' Thomas Dreier, gave the following definition of the subject of human chemistry, in 1948, considering people viewed atomically as human chemicals: [12]

“Human chemistry, the study of how people ‘chemically’ react to one another, is an important branch of the science of human nature.”

A central aspect in human chemistry is the definition of the person as a "human molecule", a term coined by by French historian Hippolyte Taine in 1869, being the atomic definition of a person. [4] In this perspective, human chemistry is the quantitative study of reactions between human molecules and the structures they form. This is expressed clearly by American historian Henry Adams, a student of Taine's philosophy, who in 1885 gave the following definition of human chemistry (or rather 'social chemistry' as he called it): [24]

“Social chemistry—the [study of the] mutual attraction of equivalent human molecules—is a science yet to be created.”

In this definition, to note, the study of the force of 'repulsion' in human interactions and reactions is also a significant component, particularly in discussions of bond stability, as defined by the concepts of the Gottman stability ratio (in marriages) or the Muller stability ratio (in society). A defining aspect of human chemistry is that human chemical reactions occur over a surface, namely the earth's surface, as studied in the subjects of surface chemistry and surface thermodynamics; surfaces which act as a substrate and or catalyst. In chemical equation form, defining human molecules as chemical species A or B, basic human reactions, such as couple formation (combination reaction) or relationship breakup (bond dissolution), take the form of simple chemical equations, such as:

A + B → AB (bond formation)

AB → A + B (bond dissolution)

Likewise, more complicated reactions entail the use of coupled mechanisms, molecular intermediates, or effects such as Müller dispersion forces. A second aspect of human chemistry is the quantum mechanical definition of the human chemical bond A≡B between two human molecules, such as the attachment in an intimate romantic relationship.

	“People who love each other mix like water and wine; people who hate each other segregate like water and oil.”
Empedocles	Famous chemistry aphorism (450 BC)

Short history
The first proto human chemist was Greek philosopher Empedocles, notable for his circa 450BC theory that people related tend to mix like water and wine; whereas enemies mix or rather separate like oil and water.

The first depictions of human chemical reactions were made by German polymath Johann von Goethe (1809), German science historian Jeremy Adler (1987), American Germanic studies professor Karl Fink (2001), American computational chemist David Hwang (2001), and Canadian writer Chanel Wood (2007), among others. The first book entitled Human Chemistry was written in 1914 by English-born engineer American William Fairburn, extolling on the view that humans are chemicals and that one should used the principles of chemistry to facilitate working relations (or reactions) between people (such as in factories) in business operations. The first person to call himself a 'human chemist' was American author Thomas Dreier, whose publications on human chemistry developed from 1910 to 1948.

2010 screenshot of the the Human Chemistry 101 channel, showing representative educational videos on subjects or people in the science of human chemistry.

The world's first full textbook on human chemistry, namely Human Chemistry (Volume One) and Human Chemistry (Volume Two), was written by American chemical engineer Libb Thims in 2007. YouTube's Human Chemistry 101 channel was started in 2008 by Thims, scheduled as a semi-weekly educational video series on the chemistry of human interactions. [10]

Human molecule

See main: Human molecule, Human molecular formula

An important subject in human chemistry, is the definition of the the human being from an atomic point of view. Many terms have been employed over the years to define humans chemically, including: chemical entity (Johann Goethe, 1809), point atom (Humphry Davy, 1813) human molecule (Hippolyte Taine, 1869), social molecule (Thomas Huxley, 1871), economic molecule (Leon Walras, c. 1870s), human atom and human molecule (Ferninand Schiller, 1891), human molecule (Emile Boutmy, 1904), human molecule (Henry Adams, 1910), human chemical and human chemical element (William Fairburn, 1914), chemical formula in operation (George Carey, 1919), human molecule (Vilfredo Pareto, 1916), human molecule (Pierre Teilhard, 1947), social atom, acquaintanceship atom, collective atom, individual atom, psychological atom (Jacob Moreno, 1951), human molecule (C.G. Darwin, 1952), human atom (Erich Fromm, 1956), dissipative structure (Ilya Prigogine, 1971), human atomism (Arthur Iberall, 1987), social atom (Mark Buchanan, 2007), and many more. [4] The first calculation of the molecular formula for a human being was published in 2002 by American limnologists Robert Sterner and James Elser as shown below: [19]

Chemical formula for one human molecule
		To contrast this calculation with most the main doctrine of twentieth-century, as to the elemental composition of active biological entities, a view that tends to conclude with a statement to the effect that "six main elements, carbon C, hydrogen H, oxygen O, nitrogen N, sulfur S, and phosphorous P, comprise 95% of living organisms" (whereas the other twenty active elements are somehow essentially non-notable stuffing, we see that the modern-view studies the function of twenty-six elements found to have active function in the human. In short, modern human chemistry is defined as the study of behaviors of human molecules and the structures they form. [1]
First alculated in 2000 by American limnologists Robert Sterner and James Elser (a 22-element formula). The formula, technically, is what is called an "empirical formula", which shows the lowest common ratio of atoms in the molecule, as contrasted with a "molecular formula", which shows all of the atoms in the molecule. More recent 2002 calculations by Libb Thims, however, indicates that 26 not 22 elements are active components of the human, and thus are requisite in the calculation of the formula.

The modern thinker must always return to the above formula when attempting to contrive or develop theories concerning human existence.

Circa 1300 BC depiction of Anubis (jackal-headed) weighing the soul (heart) against the feather of Ma’at (truth), while Thoth (ibis-headed) records the results, Horus (falcon-headed), great-grandson of Ra, guides the dead through the process, while Ammut (crocodile-lion headed) awaits to eat the soul if it is found to weight too much.

Life | Soul | Egyptology: Mythology

See main: Religion

Of notable significance, the modern view that a human "being" is a molecule, that is not a "being", but simply a molecule that moves, comes into direct conflict with some of the oldest theories known to humankind. Firstly, is the view that people believe themselves to be alive, whereas all other molecules that move are supposedly not "alive".

This traces to the Egyptian notion that man was molded out of clay by a god and given the "breath of life". This is evidenced by the fact that about 72-percent of the world has some type of ingrained belief in the theory of life and death surrounding the Egyptian sun god Ra (Ab-ra-ham-ic faiths: Christianity 33%, Islam 20%, Judaism 0.2%, Baha’ism 0.1%, Mandaeism 0.001%; and B-ra-hma faiths: Hindu 13%, Buddism 6%, Sikhism 0.4%, Jainism 0.07%), and the Ra-derived theories of human synthesis. In other words, both the concept of afterlife (heaven and hell (Ab-ra-ham-ic theory) and cyclical rebirth-life (reincarnation) (B-ra-hma theory) originated in the circa 2,500BC theory of the weighting of the soul, which itself originated from the circa 5,000 BC theory of the life (day journey) and death (night journey) cycle of the sun. We now know that the sun is not alive, nor does it die when it sets. When lit, it is simply a gravitationally-bound ball of hydrogen-burning reactions. This same logic, however, has not yet infused into the mind of the modern person who continues to believe that he or she is alive and that he or she dies, analogous to the the old "living sun" theory.

Famous 1512 depiction of the creation of Adam, by the touch of the finger God, done by Italian artist Michelangelo on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

The way in which this question rears its head, particularly in America, where only 40 percent of people believe that “human beings, as we know them, developed from earlier species of animals”, is when a discussion of evolution comes up. In the typical conversation, someone will ask “do you believe in evolution?” The response will be of one of the following varieties: [25]

a. Yes, how can you not believe? I think it’s a proven fact (40%)
b. I’m unsure (20%)
c. No, I believe in God (40%)

Then, after the questioner explains to the people in group (c) that they believe in the theories of chemistry and physics over that of religion; the people in group (c) will typically ask: "well then, what do you think happens when you die?" To which the question of whether or not a molecule can have a soul, be alive, etc., comes to the fore.

Religious issues aside, the self-righteous group (a) will still-hold fast to the view that "humans evolved from earlier forms of life", with the implicit assumption that they are alive, that bacteria were alive 3.9-billion years ago (and block out the rest of the answer); whereas, correctly, any given molecule, such as a hydrogen molecule a water molecule a bacteria molecule or human molecule, cannot technically be said to be alive, any more than sun can be said to be alive. Correctly, the modern view finds that it is technically impossible to find a specific day (or rather second) in the contiguous chemical synthesis mechanism, on the evolution timeline, starting with hydrogen reactants H (13.7 billion years ago), stepping through a number of molecular species intermediates MI, and ending with modern human molecule products MH (200,000 years ago):

Hydrogen atom

Hydrogen molecule

Human Molecule

H

→

2H2

→

C

→

H2O

→

MI1

→

MI2

→

MI3

→

MI4

→

MI5

→

MI6

→

MIi

→

2MH

Not alive! No soul! No consciousness No brain (thinking) No free will!

| | | |

Alive? Has a soul? Has free will? Is conscious? Has brain/thinks?

The less-discerning thinker who holds-fast to the ancient mythological doctrines of 'life', 'soul', 'consciousness', 'free will', 'choice', a 'brain', etc., will argue, to their grave, that, in some contrived-way or another, at one particular second in time, in the course of human evolution mechanism, that molecules, somehow, came to life, acquired souls, developed a free will, obtained the a state of consciousness, evolved the ability to think, among other now-defunct traits that do not apply to the hydrogen atom, nor to any other molecule, known in science.

In other words, in modern view, every intermediate, MI1, MI2, MI3, etc., in the steps of chemical synthesis of the human molecule, over time, are simply only bigger-and-bigger, more-and-more dynamic molecules, derivative of the hydrogen atom. Subsequently, one is forced into one of two conclusions, either the hydrogen atom is alive or the human molecule is not alive. The former is nonsensical. Others, has history has shown, will argue that these olden-days properties said to be characteristic of "living beings" (living matter, living system, living organism, living molecules, ), are "emergent", or "self-organizing", or "auto-catalytic", etc., properties, or in possession of some type of "living energy" (or living force), or in a specific "living state", etc., and write entire books and spend decades in attempts to salvage the olden-days concepts.

A few prime examples, used to explain the "missing link" mechanism step (dividing life from non-life) in the above contiguous mechanism, include the 1926 theory of Vladimir Vernadsky who argues that “living matter” of the “biosphere” (sphere of life) is a type of “green fire” of stable compounds in a thermodynamics field living off of free energy; the 1970s views of Ilya Prigogine, who posits that living things are a far-from-equilibrium sort of Benard cell state or type of dissipative structure; to the 1990s views of Stuart Kaufman to argues that life is an auto catalytic reaction, able to complete one thermodynamic cycle, that somehow that ‘catches fire’.

In any event, in summary, many newcomers to the subject of the "human molecule" will object to the definition of a human being as 'molecule' on the grounds that a human being has a soul (religious objection), that humans have internal crystalline structures, e.g. teeth enamel, hence the term molecule cannot be used (technical jargon objection), that living things have an atomic turnover rate of about 48-percent of structural atoms per year and thus cannot be a molecule (theoretical issue), or that a human cannot be a molecule because a person has a brain (conceptual issue), that a human cannot be a molecule because a human has consciousness, choice, and free will (educational issues), and so on. Whatever the objection, there is no doubt that humans are made purely of atoms, meaning that humans can be categorized as a type of chemical entity using whatever name one prefers, and that humans are reactive to each other, hence the subject of 'human chemical reactions' is a topic germane to human chemistry.

The 1962 song "The Chemistry of Love" by Al Hazan.

Chemistry music
See main: music chemistry; also: music thermodynamics
Throughout history, people have often had a habit of singing about love and relationships, and in the last several decades, singing about love and relationships in terms of chemistry. The adjacent video of the 1962 two-minute and thirteen-second song "The Chemistry of Love", written by Al Hazan and Annette Tucker, was recorded by Crystalette Records and sung by Tony Caro with Jimmy Haskell and his Orchestra, is an example of this.

1996 film adaption of Goethe's 1809 Elective Affinities: cover showing the basic double elective affinity reaction threading the chapters of the book together (see: history). [13]

Goethe | human affinities

See main: Goethe's human chemistry

The science of human chemistry was founded with the 1809 publication of the semi-biographical scientific novella Elective Affinities by German polymath Johann von Goethe (IQ = 210), who viewed human relationships as reactions between chemical species, being predetermined by chemical affinity force relations as are found on standard affinity tables. [2]

In particular, a year before publication Goethe, who had been studying chemistry for a period of forty-years, told his friend Friedrich Riemer that ‘his idea for the new novella was to portray social relationships and their conflicts symbolically’, as in a, b, ac, abd, abcd, etc., a statement in reference to a Scottish physician and chemist William Cullen’s 1757 pioneering development of affinity reaction diagrams:

▬▬▬

in which, for instance, as diagrammed above, if chemical species A and B are attached in a weakly bonded chemical union, signified by the bonding bracket “{“, ordered such that if species C were introduced into the system, the greater affinity preference of A for C would cause A to displace B and to thus form a new union with C, which equates to the following in modern terms:

▬▬▬AB + C → AC + B

and that furthermore, according to Goethe, ‘the moral symbols used in the natural sciences were the elective affinities discovered and employed by the great Bergman’ (A Dissertation on Elective Attractions, 1775). [11] In other words, what is moral or amoral, in Goethe’s view, is a point of view inherent in the laws of chemistry according to which species react.

Goethe's affinity table

See main: Goethe's human affinity table

It has been argued that German polymath Johann Goethe made a human affinity table, at least in his mind if not on paper, in circa 1808 during the writing of his 1809 novella Elective Affinities, as he readily admitted that the book was based on Bergman's affinity table (59-column 50-row affinity table) and Bergman's reaction diagrams, as made and described by Swedish chemist Torbern Bergman in his 1775 chemistry textbook A Dissertation on Elective Attractions. This will never be confirmed, however, in that in opposition to his usually practice, Goethe destroyed all of his notes and drafts to this particular novel.

A tentative table was made in 2007 by American chemical engineer Libb Thims (shown below) based on the affinity descriptions between the main and supporting characters, such as: Eduard (Edu), Charlotte (Cha), Ottilie (Ott), the Captain (Cap), Luciane (Luc), Mittler (Mit), the Count (Cou), the Barroness (Bar), Otto (Oto), the Nanni (Nan), the Assistant (Ass), the Architect (Arc), the Elderly clerk (Eld), Homeless people (Hom), the Gardener (Gar), the Lawyer (Law), the Parson (Par), the Surgeon (Sur), the Englishman (Eng), the Traveling companion (Tra), among others: [2]

A Reconstruction of Goethe's 1809 human elective affinity table

The affinity table works, as described by affinity table pioneer Etienne Geoffrey, such that at the head of each column is a header species with which all species below can combine or have a rapport with. The latter are so placed such that any higher species replaces all others lower in the column from their compounds with that at the head of the table. In other words, the species at the head of the table can potentially react with any species below it. All the species below the header species are ranked by chemical affinity preferences relative to the top species, with a higher rank corresponding to a higher affinity tendency. The species at the bottom of each column, for instance, have the least amount of affinity for the header species. If the bottom species is in a weakly bonded relationship with the header species, any species above it can potentially displace it from its attached partner. [23]

To go through one example, in the opening of the novella Eduard (Edu) is bonded in comfortable, but tending towards mundane, marriage to Charlotte (Cha), signified by the bonding Edu=Cha. When Eduard's old friend the Captain (Cap) arrives, however, they rekindle their friendship, and thus act to displace Charlotte from her bond with Eduard. This is described as a single elective affinity reaction:

EduCha + Cap → EduCap + Cha

In other words, the Captain has a stronger chemical affinity for Eduard as compared to Charlotte, as represented by her lower position on the affinity table; thus when the Captain is introduced into the mixture (Estate viewed as a closed system, to other reactants) he acts to displace Charlotte from her attachment to Eduard.

The human chemistry book cart American chemical engineer Libb Thims uses in his public lectures on human chemistry, at places such as the Magnificent Mile, Chicago.

The theoretical premise here is correct, as compared the other types of metaphorical "human element periodic tables" (as shown below), in that, as proved by German polymath Hermann Helmholtz, in his 1882 publication "The Thermodynamics of Chemical Processes", affinity between reacting chemical entities, for isothermal isobaric systems, is determined by the change in the Gibbs free energy, as define by the following expression:

In other words, the ability of humans to react and thus to bind together is based a combination of competing affinity preferences as measured by the changes in the free energies in the systems, knowing in particular that free energy coupling occurs.

Human chemical reactions

See main: Human chemical reaction (history)

A larger part of the subject of human chemistry is that of applying the logic of the chemical equation, showing the reactants before the reaction arrow and the products following the reaction arrow:

Before state (reactants) → After state (products)

signifying a structural change in time of atoms or molecules over the extent of the the reaction, to model human interaction as purely chemical reactions. The topic is by no means a simple one, where in some cases equations or mechanisms must capture decades of interactions. Historically, Goethe was the first to outlined human chemical reactions in the form of symbols in a verbal sense and Germanic studies and science historian Jeremy Adler, in 1969, was the first to make an attempt at drawing out the various reactions used by Goethe in chemical equation diagram form. Only recently have people, e.g. Libb Thims (1995), Christopher Hirata (c. 2000), Karl Fink (2001), David Hwang (2001), etc., begun to draw out human interaction processes such as forming a relationship or going through a divorce as before and after states of chemical reactions, and to discuss these equations in terms of theory, e.g. collision theory, activation energy, human chemical bonding, change in Gibbs free energy, human molecular orbital theory, etc.

English-born American engineer William Fairburn's 1914 booklet Human Chemistry, who states that people can be defined entropically.	American writer Thomas Dreier's 1948 We Human Chemicals picturing people as elements on a periodic table.

Dreier’s human chemistry

Fairburn's human chemistry
The first actually book titled "human chemistry" was the short 55-page booklet Human Chemistry written by American naval engineer William Fairburn in 1914. In his opening pages, Fairburn defines his subject as such:

“Human chemistry is the [study of] reactions resulting from combinations of individuals [who are] like chemical elements in a well-stocked laboratory.”

Fairburn's human chemistry, to note, is written mostly using chemical analogies, focused on the occupational aspects of the variations of work producing reactions between people, who he defines as "human chemical elements", in factories, as viewed through the eyes of the foreman, the "human chemist". [3] Fairburn argues that the reactions resulting from combinations of individuals can be determined and improved though measures of personal energies, entropies, and affinities, etc., so to eliminate loss through unnecessary fatigue and "wasteful reaction".

Covers of American chemical engineer Libb Thims' 2007 textbook Human Chemistry (824-pages), volumes I and II.

Thims' human chemistry

See main: Human Chemistry (textbook), Human Chemistry (textbook) (origin)

The world's first textbook on human chemistry is the 2007 two-volume Human Chemistry by American chemical engineer Libb Thims, written in an attempt to standardize the subject according to basic textbook chemistry on the premise that a human being is a molecule, pure and simple, made to be reactive on a surface owing heat input from the sun. The following is the opening sentence of the first chapter: [1]

“Human chemistry is the study of reactions between people.”

In origins, beginning in circa 1995, Thims, while University of Michigan chemical engineering student, began to ruminate on the issue of as to how chemical thermodynamics applied to mate selection. In 2002, after figuring out how relationship feasibilities could be defined in terms of changes in "before" and "after" states of enthalpies (ΔH) and entropies (ΔS), Thims began writing a manuscript on the science human thermodynamics.

In circa 2006, it began to become apparent, after numerous arguments with other scientists, that prior to the successful establishment of any type of science of the study of reactive systems of humans, that a precursor science of "human chemistry" would need to be situated, establishing the fundamental view that humans are molecules (human molecules) and that life (or a state of animated existence) consists of chemical reactions between human molecules. At about this time, also, Thims discovered the great work of Goethe.

Subsequently, killing two birds with one stone, namely explaining Goethe's Elective Affinities in a modern sense and writing a basic introductory book on human chemistry, in September 2007, after eighteen months and fourteen days of work, Thims published the first textbook, 824-pages in length, on the subject of human chemistry (pictured adjacent). A spin-off of this was the publication of the 2008, equation-free, 120-page booklet The Human Molecule, readable at junior high or high school science level.

To get an overview of the basic topics in modern human chemistry, the following diagrams indicate the Google books top 100 common terms and phrases for volumes one and two of Thims' human chemistry textbook:

Common terms and phrases in Human Chemistry (Volume One). [1]	Common terms and phrases in Human Chemistry (Volume Two). [2]

A 2009 simplified, colloquial, version of human chemistry according to blogger Ezra Nugroho; which is similar to Canadian writer Chanel Wood's 2007 combination lock theory [18]

Cultural views
In the cultural lexicon, the generalized theory that a certain type of “chemistry” exists between successful couples is prominent, as in romantic chemistry, social chemistry, sexual chemistry, relationship chemistry, interpersional chemistry, screen couple chemistry, etc. Yet, the fact that human chemistry is not a standardized school subject, however, leaves the subject open to generalized theory speculation.

An example, is the June 2007 article “A Questions of Social Chemistry” by Canadian writer Chanel Wood, who when thinking about the question of human chemistry, was “completely mystified and very curious”. [9] In her analysis of the question, Wood asks: “what exactly is chemistry between two people?” She states that, “few people actually seem to be able to define it” and that, for the most part, “the majority of us have never given it a deeper thought, or if we have, we came to the highly logical definition of “that intangible something”… But does that really explain anything?” Wood states, in excellent form, that:

“When I was first brought with this question of human chemistry, I was both completely mystified and very curious. Like most people, I’d never really stopped to think about it. But if chemistry in the social world is anything like chemistry is in the physical world, there has to be a logical, tangible definition.”

In conclusion of her thoughts on the issue, she outlines a combination lock theory of dating arguing that a relationship can be thought of, using the reaction model of single people as "reactants", as a:

▬▬▬Reactant + Reactant → Product

chemistry point of view; such that "chemistry" is a result of all the elements between any two people—character, personality traits, timing, goals, dreams, priorities, lifestyle, etc., and how they ‘react’ with the other person’s elements.

Applying thermodynamics to human chemical reactions is done the same way thermodynamics is applied to chemical reactions, by study of the laws of operation of the 1690 Papin engine (above), a basic heat engine.

Human thermodynamics

See main: human thermodynamics

The generalized effect of interpersonal chemistry, particularly couple chemistry, according to American film studies professor Martha Nochimson, is an "energy issue". [8] The science of energy is thermodynamics. The science of "human thermodynamics", subsequently, divided into human chemical thermodynamics, the study of the properties of heat, work, energy, entropy, chemical potential, and external forces in reactive systems, with focus on changes in equilibrium and the effects of irreversibility, and human statistical thermodynamics, the study of the distribution of total energy over a set number of non-interactive identical systems or chemical entities, is the study of this human energy issue.

To exemplify the idea of "good chemistry", from the 2002 book Screen Couple Chemistry, film provides for a means to capture human chemical reactions on film. The undeniable chemistry seen and felt between classic silver screen stars, such as Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers or Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy, according to Nochimson, generates a kind of “raw energy” in which the relationships themselves become “freestanding energy vortexes” where couples become bigger than the films they made. What is good in contrast to what is bad (or evil) in chemistry, however, is a thick subject; generally having to do with spontaneity and the direction of energy flows.

The natural dynamics of good or visually pleasing reactions is what yields the unforgettable screen chemistry. Explaining these effects thermodynamically is the most advanced subject, but actuates according to the laws of thermodynamics, particularly the combined law of thermodynamics.

Magazines, books, and films
The following is a chronological pictorial listing of scientific books, famous cover stories, films, and nonfiction books, etc., revolving around the central motif of "interpersonal chemistry", generally themed on or discussing the logic that people have can have various levels, good or bad, of mutual chemistry together:

Elective Affinities (1809) by Johann Goethe (H.M. Waidson translation)	The Nutty Professor (1963) film	The Chemistry of Love (1983) by Michael Liebowitz (see: chocolate theory of love)	Body Chemistry (1990) film
Love Potion #9 (1992) film	"The Chemistry of Love" (1993)	Resonance the New Chemistry of Love (1994) by Barbara Fishman	Elective Affinities (1996) film
The Alchemy of Love and Lust (1996) by Theresa Crenshaw	Sexual Chemistry (1999) film	Sexual Chemistry: Nice Guys and Players Level II (2002) by Rom Wills	Chemistry (2002) a novel by Damien Wilkins
Screen Couple Chemistry: The Power of Two (2002) by Martha Nochimson	A Certain Chemistry (2003) a novel by Mil Millington	Why We Love: the Nature and Chemistry of Romantic Love (2004) by Helen Fisher	Love and Lust: is it More than Chemistry? (2006) by Gabriele Frobrose and Rolf Frobose.
National Geographic's "Love: the Chemical Reaction", Feb 2006 (Valentine's day issue)	Chemistry A Novel (2006) by Lewis DeSimone (see: queer chemistry)	Chemistry and Numbers 2: Online Dating Stories (2006) by Steve Monas	Workplace Chemistry: Promoting Diversity Through Organizational Change (2007) by Meg Bond
			(Dec 07)
Perfect Chemistry (2008) by young adult author Simone Elkeles	Time's "The Science of Romance" 28 Jan 2008	Body Chemistry (2009) a novel by Dara Girard	The Complete Idiot’s Guide to the Chemistry of Love (2010) by Andrea Bradford and Victoria Costello

Human periodic tables

See main: Human periodic table

(add)

Human elements

See main: human element

(add)

German author Christoph Wieland commented on Goethe's Elective Affinities, that it was nonsense and childish fooling around.

Objections to

See main: Human thermodynamics (objections to)

Since the 1809 publication of Goethe's Elective Affinities, wherein the characters are said to mirror the activities and behaviors of the chemicals, there has been a never-ending stream of criticism regarding the chemical nature of the human being. [5] In 1810, for instance, Goethe's fellow author and neighbor Christoph Wieland sent a letter (which he suggested should be burned after it is read) to his close friend German philologist and archeologist Karl Böttiger stating that: [6]

"To all rational readers, the use of the chemical theory [in Elective Affinities] is nonsense and childish fooling around."

In chapter two, entitled “Thermodynamics of Chemical Reactions”, in the 2004 book Heterogeneous Kinetics, Japanese chemical engineer Tominaga Keii, devotes a entire two-page section, subtitled Chemical Affinity in 1806, to a discussion of the the human thermodynamic or rather human chemical affinity theory of Goethe’s 1809 treatise, and concludes, in his opinion, that: [17]

Japanese chemical engineer Tominaga Keii commented in 2004 that Goethe's Elective Affinities "did not add any scientific value."

▬▬▬“[Goethe's Elective Affinities] did not add any scientific knowledge.”

▬▬▬▬

In 2007 Canadian chemist Stephen Lower considered the following statement, "human chemistry", defined as the study of reactions between individuals who are viewed as chemical species and with the energy, entropy, and work that quantify these processes, to be crackpot, meaning it is something akin to an eccentric or lunatic notion, and listed it among a grouping of pseudoscience subjects. [7] Both Wieland and Lower, to note, seem to base their objections, predominately, on religious grounds.

Quotes
The following are random trivia quotes making intuitive references to the chemistry between humans:

“I miss her smell, and the way she tastes. It’s a mystery of human chemistry and I don’t understand it, some people, as far as their senses are concerned, just feel like home.”

– Rob (John Cusack), High Fidelity, 2000 film

See also

● Endorphine theory of love ● Love the chemical reaction ● Music chemistry

● ReactionMatch.com ● Science-based online matching ● Social chemistry

A 2008 human chemical element apron, modeled on the noted 2006 Dow Corning “human element” advertising campaign. [14]

References
1. Thims, Libb. (2007). Human Chemistry (Volume One). Morrisville, NC: LuLu.
2. Thims, Libb. (2007). Human Chemistry (Volume Two). Morrisville, NC: LuLu.
3. Fairburn, William Armstrong. (1914). Human Chemistry. The Nation Valley Press, Inc.
4. Thims, Libb. (2008). The Human Molecule, (preview) (Google Books). Morrisville, NC: LuLu.
5. Tantillo, Astrida O. (2001). Goethe's Elective Affinities and the Critics. New York: Camden House.
6. Wieland, Christoph Martin. (1810). "Letter to Karl August Böttiger" July 16. Weimar. Quoted from Tantillo 2001, pg. 9-10.
7. (a) Lower, Stephen. (2007). “List of Flim-flam, Pseudoscience, and Nonsense”, Online listings.
(b) In regards to conflict of interest in the case of Lower, a point to note is that he is religiously predisposed or biased, e.g. one of his favorite websites is the Scary Bible Quotes site. This is a common factor to look for behind a person's motives to objecting to a science of "human chemistry".
8. Nochimson, Martha P. (2002). Screen Couple Chemistry, (pg. 13). Auston, Tx.: University of Texas Press.
9. Wood, Chanel. (2007). "A Question of Social Chemistry", June 06. Sociology, ChanelWood.com.
10. Human Chemistry 101 - YouTube.com.
11. (a) Wiese, Benno von. (1951). Anmerkungen to Die Wahlverwandtschaften. In Goethe’s Werke, edited by Benno von Wiese. Vol. 19. Pg. 621, Hamberg: Wegener.
(b) Crosland, M. P. (1959). “The use of diagrams as chemical ‘equations’ in the lecture notes of William Cullen and Joseph Black.” Annals of Science, Vol 15, Num 2, June.
(c) Bergman, Torbern. (1775). A Dissertation on Elective Attractions. London: Frank Cass & Co.
12. Dreier, Thomas. (1948). We Human Chemicals: the Knack of Getting Along with Everybody (quote: pgs. 4+21). Updegraff Press.
13. The Elective Affinities - Wikipedia.
14. Luna1Sierra. (2008). “Human Chemistry Apron.” Zazzle.com.
15. Thims, Libb. (2005). "What is Love?: Human Chemical Reactions" (poll results and discussion). Chicago: IoHT Publications.
16. Thims, L. (2007). Human Chemistry (Volume Two) (Quote: "Good for a laugh, but not much else", pg. 673). LuLu.
17. Keii, Tominaga. (2004). Heterogeneous Kinetics: Theory of Ziegler-Natta-Kaminsky (ch. 2: Thermodynamics of Chemical Reactions, pgs. 11-20; section: Chemical Affinity in 1806, pgs. 16-17). Springer.
18. Nugroho, Ezra. (2009). “Human Chemistry”, Luchita Blog, Ezran.org, Feb 13.
19. Sterner, Robert W. and Elser, James J. (2002). Ecological Stoichiometry: the Biology of Elements from Molecules to the Biosphere, (chapter one) (term: "human molecule", pgs. 3, 47, 135). Princeton University Press.
23. ibid. Thims (2007), pg. 382: description of Geoffroy's 1718 affinity table.
24. (a) Samuels, Ernest. (1989). Henry Adams (human molecule, pg. 115). Harvard University Press.
(b) Gooch, George P. (1913). History and Historians in the Nineteenth Century (human molecule, pg. 240). Longmans, Green, and Co.
25. (a) Miller, Jon D., Scott, Eugenie C., Okamoto, Shinji. (2006). “Public Acceptance of Evolution”, Science 11, Aug. Vol. 313, pgs. 765-66.
(b) Anon. (2006). “Did Humans Evolve? Not Us, Say Americans”, The New York Times, Aug. 16.

Popular chemical symbol word arrangement.

Further reading
● Anon. (1887). "Human Chemistry", [URL], New York Times, 19 Sep.
● Kundis, Robin D. (1986). Human Chemistry (306-pgs). dissertation/thesis. Johns Hopkins University.
● Mueh, Hans J. (2006). “Human Chemistry Equation: Intent + Imagination + Initiative = High Achievement”, Audio Interview (MP3), 58:19-min, with Jim Meier, Oct. 31.
● Kenny, Bob. (2009). “The Human Chemistry of Ben Jonson’s ‘The Alchemist’”, AssociatedContent.com, May 18.

External links
● Human Chemistry - HumanChemistry.net
● Human Chemistry - NationMaster: Encyclopedia
● Human Chemistry T-Shirt – Zazzle.com
● 200th Anniversary Elective Affinities T-Shirt – Zazzle.com
● Interpersonal chemistry - Psychology Wiki, a Wikia wiki.