In anthropological thermodynamics, Peter B. Hammond (c.1929-) is an American anthropologist noted for his 1964 book Cultural and Social Anthropology, in which speculates on cultural operations through the guise of verbal thermodynamics. The following are some condensed extracts: [1]

“To understand man in particular we must understand living material systems in general … cultural systems, like biological systems, expend energy that is captured [by the sun]; in performing a ritual, playing a game, regarding a churinga with awe, or breathing a silent prayer, the event is an expression of energy expended.”

In his book, Hammond seems to cull a good deal from Erwin Schrodinger’s 1944 What is Life?, and thus in turn Ludwig Boltzmann's entropy theories. Hammond argues, for instance, that the maintenance of life is a continuous balancing between positive entropy and negative entropy and that the evolution of life is the ascendance of negative entropy. He states that evolution can be defined as the progress of energy organization moving in a direction opposite to that specified for the cosmos by the second law of thermodynamics. [1]

Education
Hammond completed his BA in anthropology in 1951 from the Universidad de Puerto Rico; Universidad de las Americas, Mexico, and PhD in 1962 in anthropology from Northwestern University. [2] He currently is a professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of California, Los Angeles. [3]

References
1. Hammond, Peter B. (1964). Cultural and Social Anthropology (cultural thermodynamics, pgs. 26-30). MacMillan.
2. Peter B. Hammond (Curriculum Vitae) – Sscnet.ucla.edu.
3. Peter B. Hammond (faculty) – UCLA Anthropology.

External links
● Hammond, Peter B. – WorldCat.org.