A generalized depiction (Ѻ) of religio-mythology, in the context of scholars, i.e. thinkers who have studied the mythical roots of modern religions, such as how Christianity (e.g. Jesus) derives, in part from Greek mythology (e.g. Zeus) and Egyptian mythology (e.g. Horus) via syncretism; the Rosetta stone being the key to the Egyptian origins to almost all modern religions. |
# | Early Centuries | Date | Selling | Publication[s] / Notes |
---------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | |||
1. | Hesiod (c.750-650BC) | c.675BC | Supposedly based his Theogony (c.675BC), meaning “The Creation of the Gods”, via a transliteration of the Egyptian creation myths, the Heliopolis creation myth, specifically. | |
2. | Solon (c.638-558) | c.575BC | After travelling to Egypt, and learning their theology, according to Plato (Ѻ), he substituted Greek names for Egyptian ones, in writing about the Greek deities, according to which Amen-Ra became Zeus, Set became Typhon, Osiris became Dionysus, Horus became Hercules, Shu became Atlas, etc. | |
3. | Anaxagoras | c.450BC | Atheism | Labeled | Claimed that the sun was not driven by Apollo, mounted on a chariot, but rather, based on the "evidence" of examined fallen meteors, and the reasoned postulate that moon light was reflected sunlight, that it was a hot or fiery stone, moving in a fifth element, in addition to the standard four elements, he called “aether”, which he conceived of as being in constant rotation and carried with it the celestial bodies |
4. | Herodotus | c.435BC | Devoted much of the second volume of his Histories, to Egyptian religion. | |
5. | Plutarch | c.100AD | Book: On Isis and Osiris. | |
6. | St. Ireneaus | 125AD | Stated that there were a multitude of "gospels" in his time (Graham, 1975). | |
7. | Basilides | c.130AD | In his heretical “Acts of John”, Christ is described as encountering his followers in “many different guises, not especially a human one”. | |
8. | Justin Martyr | c.150AD | ||
9. | Lucian | c.170 | Gave one of the first secular accounts of Christians as a deluded creatures, who worship a crucified sage or man, who deny the Greek gods, who believe in immortality, and that the religion was but a get rich quick scheme played by someone by "tricking simple souls". | |
10. | Origen | c.230 | ||
11. | Bede | c.710 | ||
12. | Abraham Ezra (1089-1167) | c.1150 | Discerned, according to Spinoza (Ѻ), that “Moses did not write all of the Pentateuch”. | |
13. | [A] Frederick II | c.1235 | Attributed: Treatise on the Three Imposters (Dubbed: Atheist’s Bible) | |
14. | Meister Eckhart | c.1310 | ||
15. | Petrarch | 1341 | His epic poem Africa (Ѻ), equated Apollo, son of Zeus and slayer of Python, to Christ, son of god and slayer of Satan. | |
1#. | Desiderius Erasmus | c.1490 | ||
16. | Leonardo da Vinci | c.1500 | Rejected Biblical flood theory as being responsible for depositing fossils many miles from their origin. (Ѻ) | |
17. | Pope Leo X | 1514 | Described the “fable of Christ” as a “profitable superstition”. | |
18. | Noel Journet | 1582 | Atheism | New religion | Asked the obvious question of how the Pentateuch, aka the Five Books of Moses (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy), could have been written by Moses, as we are told they were, if the fifth book, of the series, specifically Deuteronomy 34 (Ѻ), describes Moses' own death? |
19. | [A] Giordano Bruno | c.1590 | ||
20. | Gerardus Vossius | c.1630 | ||
21. | Samuel Bochart | c.1650 | Apologetics | Student of Thomas Erpenius (1599-1667) (Ѻ), teacher of Pierre Huet, noted for doing work on the Bacchus-Moses connection (see: Osiris, Dionysus-Bacchus, and Moses), e.g. pointing out that they were both buried in unknown tombs (see: Moses pens his own death problem). |
22. | Thomas Hobbes | c.1651 | Crypto-atheism | First to argue that Moses was NOT the author of the Pentateuch. |
23. | Isaac Peyrere | c.1655 | Argued that there were men BEFORE Adam and that Moses was NOT the author of the Pentateuch. | |
24. | Benedict Spinoza | 1670 | Denied, citing Abraham Ezra (c.1150), that Moses wrote the Pentateuch. | |
25. | Pierre Huet | 1679 | ||
26. | John Toland | 1696/1722 | ||
18th century | Date | Selling | Publication[s] / Notes | |
27. | Bernard Fontenelle | 1724 | Supposedly, did some of the first work on Bible as myth discussion. | |
28. | Voltaire | 1728/1770 | Deism/Atheism | |
29. | Marquis of Argens | 1736 | Argued, via geological reasons, that Noah’s flood is impossible. | |
30. | Jonathan Edwards (1703-1753) | c.1750 | Apologetics | Building on, supposedly, Samuel Bochart, did work on the Bacchus-Moses connection. (Ѻ) |
31. | Nicolas Boulanger | 1761 | ||
32. | Immanuel Kant | c.1764 | Compared Adam and Abraham with Adimo and Brahma, and argued that Joseph was equivalent to Ganesha. | |
33. | Baron d’Holbach | 1770 | [A] Materialism | The System of Nature: Laws of the Moral and Physical World [Atheist’s Bible] |
34. | Charles Dupuis | 1771/1806 | ||
35. | Constantin Volney | 1771 | ||
36. | Ethan Allen | 1784 | Reason/Atheism | His Reason: the Only Oracle of Man, a harsh denunciation of Christianity, touched on the Moses pens his own death problem. |
37. | [A] Thomas Paine | 1794 | Reason/Atheism | The Age of Reason [Atheist’s Bible] |
19th century | Date | Selling | Publication[s] / Notes | |
38. | Joseph Hager | 1801 | ||
39. | William Hort | 1802 | Worked on the Bacchus-Moses connection. (Ѻ) | |
40. | Charles Lebrun | 1803 | ||
41. | Thomas Jefferson | 1804/1823 | Epicurean materialism | Jefferson’s Bible |
42. | Sergey Uvarov | 1812 | Connected Osiris with: Tammuz, Dionysus, Bacchus, Liber, and Adonis. | |
42. | [E] Thomas Young | 1814/1818 | Initiated: decipherment of hieroglyphics. | |
43. | [A] Napoleon Bonaparte | 1817 | ||
44. | Edward Stillingfleet | 1817 | Worked on the Bacchus-Moses connection. (Ѻ) | |
45. | [E] Jean Champollion | c.1820/1822 | Completed: decipherment of hieroglyphics. | |
46. | Heinrich Ritter | 1829/1853 | ||
47. | Robert Taylor | 1828/1833 | Atheism | Was jailed for 3 years for publishing works arguing that "Jesus never existed". |
48. | Charles Coleman | 1832 | Connects Egyptian, Hindu, and Roman mythologies. (Ѻ) | |
49. | Godfrey Higgins | 1833 | ||
50. | David Strauss | 1835 | ||
51. | Bruno Bauer | 1840 | Hegelian atheism | Argued that Jesus was myth per silent historians problem logic |
52. | Franz Movers | 1841 | ||
53. | [E] Samuel Birch | 1841/1880 | ||
54. | Anon [German Jew] (Ѻ) | 1841 | ||
55. | [E] Richard Lepsius | 1842 | Translation: Egyptian Book of the Dead (English). | |
Modern Religio-Mythology | ||||
56. | Logan Mitchell | 1842/1881 | ||
57. | Jean-Marie Ragon (Ѻ) | 1843 | ||
58. | Romualdo Gentilucci | 1848 | ||
59. | Alexander Hislop | 1853 | ||
60. | Samuel Dunlap | 1858/1894 | First to state the god-to-prophet technique, explicitly. | |
61. | [E] Peter Renouf (Ѻ) | c.1861 | ||
62. | Samuel Sharpe | 1863 | ||
63. | Ernest Renan | 1864 | Chief of the German “higher criticism” school, which systematically studied the origins and sources of the Bible; his Life of Jesus (1864) established conclusively that the Bible was written over a long period of time, spanning perhaps as much as a millennium, finally assembled in a haphazard manner. [6] | |
64. | Charles King | 1864/1887 | ||
65. | [E] Heinrich Brugsch | 1864/1888 | ||
66. | William Cooper | 1870/1876 | ||
67. | James Peebles (Ѻ) | 1870 | ||
68. | Archibald Sayce | 1872/1913 | ||
69. | Auguste Mariette | 1873 | ||
70. | Kersey Graves | 1875 | Atheism / Secularism | The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors |
71. | Helena Blavatsky | 1877 | ||
72. | John Stuart-Glennie | 1878 | ||
73. | DeRobigne Bennett | 1881 | Atheism | |
74. | Gaston Maspero | 1881/1899 | ||
75. | [E] Gerald Massey | 1881/1907 | Evolution / Spiritualism [?] | |
76. | Thomas Doane | 1882 | ||
77. | Herbert Hardwicke | 1884/1887 | ||
78. | Edouard Naville | 1886 | ||
79. | Iosif Kryvelev (Ѻ) | 1887 | ||
80. | [A] Friedrich Nietzsche | 1888 | ||
81. | James Frazer | 1890/1915 | The Golden Bough | |
82. | [E] Wallis Budge | 1890/1929 | ||
83. | Watson Heston | 1892/1900 | ||
84. | William Smith (Ѻ) | 1894 | ||
85. | George St. Clair | 1898 | ||
20th century | Date | Selling | Publication[s] / Notes | |
86. | John Robertson | 1900 | In his Christianity and Mythology (Ѻ), he devotes chapters and sections to: “Christ and Krishna”, “Hebrew mythology”, Virgin and Child derived from Isis and Horus, Horus born on Christmas, etc. | |
87. | Albert Kalthoff (Ѻ) | 1902/06 | ||
88. | Constantine Grethenbach | 1902/1903 | ||
89. | Robert Shaw | 1904 | Connected Anubis with John the Baptist | |
90. | [E] Flinders Petrie (Ѻ) | 1905 | ||
91. | Alice Grenfell | 1906 | ||
92. | Arthur Drews (Ѻ) | 1907 | ||
93. | Thomas Cheyne | 1907 | ||
94. | Albert Churchward (Ѻ)(Ѻ) | 1910/1921 | The Christ Myth | |
95. | Singleton Davis | 1910/1911 | Editor of the Scientific Rationalism, Psychology, Biology, Sociology, Comparative Religion and Mythology, Freethought, Ethical Culture (Ѻ) magazine, wherein he (Ѻ) decodes (1910) things such as the Is-ra-el puzzle; which is host to articles such as: “What was Jesus: Man, Myth, or God?” by T.S Givan, among others. | |
96. | Wakeman Ryno | 1912 | ||
97. | Hugo Gressman (Ѻ) | 1913 | ||
98. | George Gurdjieff | 1915 | ||
99. | Alan Gardiner | 1916 | ||
100. | Ernst Sellin | 1922 | ||
101. | Thomas Spivey (Ѻ) | 1927/1935 | ||
102. | Henry Mencken | 1930 | In his Treatise on the Gods (Ѻ), citing Archibald Sayce [RMS:48], attempted to reconstruct Genesis as but a borrowed of ideas from the Babylonians. | |
103. | Joseph Wheless (Ѻ) | 1930 | ||
104. | Alvin Kuhn | 1930-1960 | ||
105. | Edward Ulback (Ѻ) | 1936 | ||
106. | Sigmund Freud | 1939 | ||
107. | Archibald Robertson (Ѻ) | 1946 | ||
108. | Karel Hujer | 1946 | Universal consciousness | |
109. | Robert Graves | 1948 | His The White Goddess (Ѻ) was influential to Gary Greenberg. | |
110. | Joseph Campbell | 1949/1960 | Asserted, in his The Hero with a Thousand Faces (1949), the theory that a single myth stood behind the stories of Krishna, Buddha, Apollonius of Tyana, Jesus and other hero stories; in his The Masks of God: Occidental Mythology, Volume Three (1960), stated “it is clear that, whether accurate or not as to biographical detail, the moving legend of the crucified and risen Christ was fit to bring a new warmth, immediacy, and humanity, to the old motifs of the beloved Tammuz, Adonis, and Osiris cycles.” (Ѻ) | |
111. | [E] Rene Lubicz | 1949 | ||
112. | Herbert Cutner (Ѻ) | 1950 | ||
113. | Alexander Badawy (Ѻ) | 1954 | ||
114. | Hilton Hotema | 1956/1963 | ||
115. | Andrija Puharich (Ѻ) | 1959 | ||
116. | Raymond Faulkner | 1968 | Published Spell 148 of the Coffin Texts, which gives the original account of the “virgin birth” and the “holy spirit”; also translated Egyptian Book of the Dead (1972). | |
117. | John Allegro (Ѻ) | 1970/1971 | ||
118. | Jordan Maxwell | 1970/2010 | ||
119. | George Wells (Ѻ) | 1971/2004 | ||
120. | Othmar Keel (Ѻ) | 1972 | ||
121. | Lloyd Graham | 1975 | Astrology, new age, gnosticism, evolution | Deceptions and Myths of the Bible |
122. | Robert Temple | 1976 | In his The Sirius Mystery, based on the findings of Griaule and Dieterlen (1950), asserted the highly speculative view that the Dogon people, of Mali, West Africa, knew that Sirius was a binary star (Sirius A and Sirius B). | |
123. | James Arthur | 1976/2000 | ||
124. | John Griffiths (Ѻ) | 1980 | ||
125. | [E] Erik Hornung | 1982/2001 | ||
126. | John Jackson | 1985 | ||
127. | Richard Friedman | 1987 | Who Wrote the Bible | |
128. | Robert Bauval | 1983 | Figured out that the thee stars of Orion's belt are the basis of the three pyramids at Giza. | |
129. | Ahmed Osman (Ѻ) | 1990 | ||
130. | Karl Luckert | 1991 | ||
131. | Anthony Browder | 1992 | Amen-stylized unseen force of god model | Noted for his Nile Valley Contributions to Civilizations (1992) and for his semi-intelligent video discussions (Ѻ) of the Washington obelisk being the symbol of Osiris or his phallus. |
132. | Michael Jordan | 1993 | ||
133. | Bart Ehrman | 1993/2016 | ||
134. | [E] Gary Greenberg | 1996/2011 | 101 Myths of the Bible | |
135. | J.S. Gordon (1946-2013) | 1997 | In his Land of the Fallen Star Gods, building on the work of Helena Blavatsky, digresses on stars, gods, and mythology. | |
136. | Moustafa Gadalla (Ѻ) | 1997/2007 | ||
137. | Muata Ashby | 1997/2015 | ||
138. | Dorothy Murdock | 1999/2014 | Spiritualism / Atheism | The Christ Conspiracy: The Greatest Story Ever Sold |
139. | Timothy Freke | 1999/2012 | ||
140. | Earl Doherty (Ѻ) | 1999/2009 | The Jesus Puzzle | |
21st century | Date | Selling | Publication[s] / Notes | |
141. | Richard Cassaro | 2000 | | |
142. | Kenneth Humphreys | 2001/2014 | Inspired (Ѻ) by: Earl Doherty (The Jesus Puzzle, 1999); Dorothy Murdock (The Christ Conspiracy, 1999); Timothy Freke and Peter Gandy (The Jesus Mysteries, 1999); George Wells (The Jesus Myth / The Jesus Legend, 1999); Arthur Drews (The Christ Myth, 1910); Robert M. Price (Deconstructing Jesus, 2000); Hyam Maccoby (The Mythmaker: Paul & the Invention of Christianity, 1987); Burton Mack (Who Wrote the New Testament?, 1995); and Elaine Pagels (The Gnostic Gospels, 1979), launched: JesusNeverExisted.com, which turned 2014 book. (Ѻ) | |
143. | Patrick Geryl (Ѻ) | 2001 | ||
144. | Gene Matlock | c.2002 | Worked on the Abraham and Brahma problem. | |
145. | Daniel Lazare (Ѻ) | 2002 | ||
146. | Richard Gabriel (Ѻ) | 2002 | ||
147. | Tim Callahan (Ѻ)(Ѻ) | 2002/2005 | ||
148. | Libb Thims | 2003 | ||
149. | Simson Najovits | 2003/2009 | ||
150. | Tom Harpur | 2004-present | Theism | Christ within | The Pagan Christ |
AR | W. Ward Gasque | 2004 | 20 leading Egyptologists poll [3] | |
151. | Ralph Ellis (Ѻ)(Ѻ) | 2004 | ||
152. | Bojana Mojsov | 2005 | Was in the documentary “The Hidden Story of Jesus” (Ѻ), discussing the Osiris-Jesus connection; book: Osiris: Death and Afterlife of a God (Ѻ)(Ѻ) | |
153. | Joseph Atwill | 2005/2012 | ||
AR | John Holding | c.2005/2008 | [4] | |
AR | Stanley Porter & Stephen Bedard | 2006 | Unmasking the Pagan Christ: An Evangelical Response to the Cosmic Christ Idea [5] | |
154. | Peter Joseph | 2007 | Film: Zeitgeist | |
155. | Harry Tabony (Ѻ) | 2007 | ||
156. | Fahim A. Knight (Ѻ) | 2007 | ||
157. | Bill Maher | 2008 | Atheism | Rationalism | Film: Religulous [2] |
158. | Gordon Johnston | 2008 | Connects Genesis to Hermopolis creation myth (compare: Gary Greenberg). [8] | |
158. | John Pippy (Ѻ) | 2009 | ||
160. | Eddie Austerlitz (Ѻ) | 2010 | ||
161. | David Fitzgerald | 2010 | Atheism | |
162. | Joseph Matlock (Ѻ)(Ѻ) | 2010 | ||
163. | Michael Paulkovich | 2012 | His No Meek Messiah digresses on the silent historians problem and explains how a large number of "spells" of the Book of the Dead became centerpieces of the Bible. | |
AR | Jon Sorenson [CA] | 2012 | “Horus Manure: Debunking the Jesus/Horus Connection” [2] | |
164. | Larry Marshall (Ѻ) | 2013 | ||
165. | Horus Gilgamesh | 2013 | Non-believer [Non-identifying atheist] | |
AR | Mark Foreman [CA] | 2013 | “Challenging the Zeitgeist Movie” | |
166. | John Ostrowick (Ѻ) | 2013 | ||
167. | Pier Tulip | 2013 | Author of the 2013 Italian published Krst: Gesu un Mito Solare (Ѻ), inspired by Dorothy Murdock, translated in English as Krst: Jesus a Solar Myth (2015) (Ѻ). | |
168. | [A] Richard Carrier | 2014 | Atheism | [Type?] | |
“It would appear almost an act of folly, in pretending to uproot that ancient Upas-tree (Ѻ)(Ѻ) of religious superstition, under the poisonous shade of which mankind has been for [millennial] ages accustomed to repose, and the roots of which are so widespread and profound.”— Charles Dupuis (c.1794), cited as views in agreement with by 1872 English translator [1]
“We think ourselves possessed, or, at least, we boast that we are so, of liberty of conscience on all subjects. Yet, how far are we from these exalted privileges in fact! There exists, I believe, throughout the whole Christian world, a law which makes it blasphemy to deny our doubt the divine inspiration of all the books of the Old and New Testaments, from Genesis to Revelation. Who would run the risk of translating Dupuis?”— John Adams (1825), “Letter to Thomas Jefferson”, Jan 23
“Let me not be called a wicked atheist for seeing the likeness between Brahma and Abraham.”— Godfrey Higgins (1833), Anacalypsis, Volume One (pg. 391)
“Birch and Brugsch are the two greatest masters of Egyptology.”— Wallis Budge (1904), The Gods of the Egyptians, V1 (pgs. 63-64)
“The points of contact between Judaism and the religion of Babylonia have frequently been mentioned by numerous writers, but the traces of Egyptian mythology in both Jewish and Christian scriptures have not been so much noticed, nor could they be till quite lately. It is only within the last few decades that students have been sufficiently well provided with mythological texts and commentaries to be in possession of the necessary material, thanks to the labors of Birch [Samuel Birch], von Bergmann, von Bissing, Breasted, Brugsch, Budge, Chabas, Deveria, Grebaut, Guieysse, de Horrack, Jequier, Lanzone, Ledrain, Lefebure, Legrain, Lieblein, Mariette [Auguste Mariette], Maspero, Moret, Piehl, Pierret, Pleyte, Renouf, Sharpe, Spiegelberg, Wiedemann and others. The relationship of Egyptian mythology to Jewish religion is too large a subject to discuss fully; haec peritioribus relinguo [these religious experts]; so I only mention a few traces of Egyptian influence in the Old Testament, but there are many others. I will then point out the more numerous Egyptian touches in the New Testament.”— Alice Grenfell (1906), “Egyptian Mythology and the Bible”; cited by Thomas Cheyne (1907)