In human thermodynamics, Robert Kenoun (1950-) is an Iranian-born American materials scientist, metallurgical and electrical engineer noted for his social internal energy minimization theory as presented in his 2006 book A Proposition to Theory of History and Social Evolution, in which he outlines a semi-approximate thermodynamics system-based view of social change, using a logic of hierarchical systems embedded within systems. [1]

Overview
Modeling human social system dynamics on atomic-molecular system type metaphors, e.g. by supposing that human-human bonds are “relational bonds” similar to hydrogen bonds between water molecules in the liquid phase, Kenoun argues, based on the first two laws of thermodynamics, that the “ultimate driving force” of a social system’s evolutionary process is to seek “maximum stability by attaining the lowest state of internal energy, in connection with a given environmental condition", which he equates to “boundary conditions”. Kenoun equates a state of the lowest level of internal energy with socio-economic equality among its members, which he argues is a logic emboddied in Marxism or socialism in general.

In respect to Kenoun’s scientific view of human history, as presented in his Proposition to Theory, he states that ever since he was a young man, he had always wondered how to make sense of the process of history? In his quest to understand this phenomenon, Kenoun states that he developed his theory “in isolation from the work accomplished by other experts to maintain its originality” and that he used the following logic: [1]

“If society is composed of humans and humans are built with basic material components and there are laws to govern the behavior of these components, then these laws must have some influence in the behavior of complex living systems.”

One of the more interesting aspects of Kenoun’s theory is his postulations on the nature of the internal energy of various types of human social systems, e.g. a five-member family or a society, etc. To cite one example, he states that if one member of the system of a family were to leave, e.g. a father dies, which he correlates to a “loss of mass” in the system, there would result an increase of internal stress among the relational bonds of the remaining members, which Kenoun equates to a change in the internal energy of the system. The underlying supposition here, alluded to by Kenoun, is that the concept of chemical potential, introduced in 1873 by American mathematical engineer Willard Gibbs, applies to human systems.

Education
Kenoun completed a BS in material science and an MS in metallurgical engineering at the Iranian University of Tehran in 1976. Two years later, he moved to the United States and soon thereafter completed a MS in electrical engineering. [2]

References
1. Kenoun, Robert. (2006). A Proposition to Theory of History and Social Evolution (pgs. vii, xvii-xviii). Trafford Publishing.
2. A Proposition to Theory of History and Social Evolution – Trafford Publishing.
3. Schrödinger, Erwin. (1944). What is Life? (ch. 6 “Order, Disorder, and Entropy). pgs. 67-75 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4. Schmitz, John E.J. (2007). The Second Law of Life: Energy, Technology, and the Future of Earth as We Know It, (pg. 119). William Andrew Publishing.