Change: There were only format changes (bold, italics, etc.) in this version. See this version for details. (Word count: 811)

Change: , an attempt at an open systems model, developed by Emile Durkheim (1893) and Ludwig Bertalanffy (1950), respectively. [7] In thermodynamic terms, a social system is viewed as a set of "socially affined" human molecules (people) delineated by a thermodynamic boundary characterized by an internal energy. [2]   View changes from previous version. (Word count: 811)

Change:  In sociology, historically, the two most prominent systems approaches have been functionalism, viewing a social system as society as made up of interdependent sections working together to fill the “functions” of societies survival, and general systems theory, developed by Emile Durkheim (1893) and Ludwig Bertalanffy (1950), respectively. [7] In thermodynamic   View changes from previous version. (Word count: 803)

Change: Samuelson, however, seemed to have a general disdain and strong objection to any type thermodynamic modeling in either economics or sociology.In the 1992 book The Meaning of General Theoretical Sociology, for instance, American sociologist Thomas Fararo devotes one page to   View changes from previous version. (Word count: 718)

Change: "The sign of a half-baked speculator in the social sciences is his search for something in the social system that corresponds to the physicist's notion of entropy."In the 1992 book The Meaning of General Theoretical Sociology, for instance, American sociologist Thomas Fararo   View changes from previous version. (Word count: 697)

Change: sligtlyslightly addressed by sociologists, some even having objections. Social thermodynamics In social thermodynamics, a social system is often viewed a set of human molecules contained in a system delineated by a social boundary, in the same sense, albeit a reactive one, as water molecules in the heat engine   View changes from previous version. (Word count: 605)

Change: [2][3] In the 2001 paper "Social Entropy", Peruvian engineering professor Alfredo Infante argued that social entropy is the quantity that measures the effects of the second law of thermodynamics in human social behavior and that the "state" of a human society as a “system”   View changes from previous version. (Word count: 596)

Change: There were only format changes (bold, italics, etc.) in this version. See this version for details. (Word count: 595)

Change: In comentary, however, Fararo reasons that although certainly nothing in theoretical sociology is immune from the ultimate constraints of sciences such as thermodynamics, genetics, or   View changes from previous version. (Word count: 595)