Change: There were only format changes (bold, italics, etc.) in this version. See this version for details. (Word count: 395)

Change: In each of these various heat engines, Carnot presumed that the key to their operation was the "re-establishment of equilibrium in the caloric". The theory was later proven false by German physicist Rudolf Clausius who, beginning in 1850, corrected this suppostion with the mathematical argument of "increase in   View changes from previous version. (Word count: 390)

Change: A New Method to Obtain Very Great Motive Powers at Small Cost. [2] On this design, the first two operational steam engines were built soon thereafter, the "Miner's Friend" (1698) and the "Atmospheric Engine" (1712), made respectively by English engineers and associates Thomas Savery and Thomas Newcomen. [3] The   View changes from previous version. (Word count: 304)

Change: built soon thereafter, the "Miner's Friend" (1698) and the "Atmospheric Engine" (1712), made respectively by English engineers and associates Thomas Savery and Thomas Newcomen. [3] The physics underlying the operation of the steam engine, specifically the understanding of how fire (or heat)heat) creates cyclical mechanical movement   View changes from previous version. (Word count: 290)

Change: planet gear (1781), centrifugal governor (1788), and indicator diagram (1796), English engineer Arthur Woolf, who designed an improved boiler for producing high pressure steam (1803) and invented a compound steam engine (1805), and English engineer Richard Trevithick who built the first steam engine automobiles (1801). References1. Carnot, Sadi. (1824).   View changes from previous version. (Word count: 287)

Change: Created by Sadi-Carnot Sep 16 2008, 12:01 AM EDT for: no reason given