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Universe
In science, the universe represents the entirety that is accessible to our experiment. The universe, for the thermodynamicist, is made up of the system examined and the surroundings able to act on its evolution. [1] By convention, the universe of the thermodynamicist is an isolated system, which equates to the following:
Whether the universe of the cosmologist is an isolated system still remains a subject of discussion. This discussion is particularly notable in the field of black hole thermodynamics, in which the laws of thermodynamics seem to be phrased differently depending on whether or not the system contains a black hole. [2]
References
1. Perrot, Pierre. (1998). A to Z of Thermodynamics, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2. Wald, Robert M. (1994). Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime and Blackhole Thermodynamics. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Universe = System + Surroundings
Whether the universe of the cosmologist is an isolated system still remains a subject of discussion. This discussion is particularly notable in the field of black hole thermodynamics, in which the laws of thermodynamics seem to be phrased differently depending on whether or not the system contains a black hole. [2]
References
1. Perrot, Pierre. (1998). A to Z of Thermodynamics, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2. Wald, Robert M. (1994). Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime and Blackhole Thermodynamics. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
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