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Date Famous Publication Signficance Person[s]1620 Elementa Chemiae (Elements of Chemistry) Established Boerhaave's law; later used by Lavoisier. Herman Boerhaave 1660 New Experiments: Physico-Mechanical, Touching the Spring of the Air, and its Effects: Made, for the most part, in a New Pneumatical Engine In defense of this publication, found in the 1662 second edition, contains Boyle's law, a forerunner to the ideal gas law. Robert Boyle 1686 The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy Established the three laws of motion. Isaac Newton 1690A New Method of Obtaining Very Great Motive Powers at Small Cost Laid out the designs for the steam engine and described the outline of the Carnot cycle. 1704Query 31 (Opticks) Seeded the logic of the affinity table in Query 31 of the 1718 edition. 1738 Hydrodynamica Defined pressure and verbally stated the precepts of the ideal gas law. Daniel Bernoulli 1775A Dissertation on Elective Attractions The founding textbook of chemical affinity; used by Goethe in his human elective afffinity theory. 1787Elements of Chemistry Introduced the world, and particularly Sadi Carnot, to caloric theory. 1798 "An Enquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat which is Excited by Friction" Laid question to Lavoisier's caloric theory; thus initiating the postulate of the mechanical equivalent of heat. Benjamin Thomson 1809Elective Affinities Founded the science of human chemistry by applying the logic of elective affinity reactions to interpersonal human relationships and love. 1824Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire Initiated the science of thermodynamics with its description of the Carnot cycle. 1829 Calculation of the Effect of Machines Mathematically defined work and kinetic energy. Gustave Coriolis 1834 Memoir on the Motive Power of Fire Introduced physicists (particularly Thomson and Clausius) to Carnot's Reflections. Émile Clapeyron 1845 “On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat” Established the mechanical equivalent of heat. James Joule 1848 “On an Absolute Thermometric Scale founded on Carnot’s Theory of the Motive Power of Heat, and Calculated from Regnault’s Observations.” Introduced the absolute temperature scale. William Thomson 1849 “An Account of Carnot’s Theory of the Motive Power of Heat; with Numerical Results Deduced from Regnault’s Experiments on Steam” Introduced Clausius to the difficulties inherent in Carnot's principle. William Thomson 1850 "On the Moving Force of Heat and the Laws of Heat which may be Deduced Therefrom" Began to lay the foundations for the science of thermodynamics (mechanical theory of heat). Rudolf Clausius 1851 “On the Dynamical Theory of Heat" Contains the Kelvin-statement of the second law. William Thomson 1852 “On a Universal Tendency in Nature to the Dissipation of Mechanical Energy” Introduced dissipation and energy to the lay public; and established the law of dissipation. William Thomson 1859 A Manual of the Steam Engine and Other Prime Movers First textbook on thermodynamics. William Rankine 1859 On the Origin of Species Situated the theory of evolution as an upward process. Charles Darwin 1865The Mechanical Theory of Heat Founded the science of thermodynamics. 1872 "Further Studies on the Thermal Equilibrium of Gas Molecules" Contained the first explicit probabilistic expression, the H-theorem, for the entropy of an ideal gas. Ludwig Boltzmann 1876 On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances Founded the science of chemical thermodynamics. Willard Gibbs 1877 “On a Relation between the Second Law of Thermodynamics and Probabilities” Contains the origins of proportionality equation between S and log W (S = k ln W). Ludwig Boltzmann 1882 "The Thermodynamics of Chemical Processes" Showed that free energy is the measure of affinity. Hermann Helmholtz 1884 Studies in Chemical Dynamics Defined affinity as the maximum external work done by the chemical reaction at constant temperature and volume Jacobus van't Hoff 1886 "The Second Law of Thermodynamics" Introduced the life is a struggle for entropy riddle. Ludwig Boltzmann 1893 "The Scientific Work of Gustav Adolph Hirn" The term "human thermodynamics" was coined in it. Bryan Donkin 1898 "Essay on Social Mechanics" The first paper on human chemical thermodynamics. Leon Winiarski 1910 A Letter to American Teachers of History Argued that the teaching of the second law in history courses (history thermodynamics) should be mandatory. Henry Adams 1914 Human Chemistry First booklet on the science of human chemistry; viewing people as "human chemical elements" with ideas on human entropy, affinities, reactions of individuals, etc. William Fairburn 1923Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances Made the obtuse concepts of Gibbs' Equilibrium readily available to the chemists. 1925 The Animate and the Inanimate An attempt at a reconciliation of the second law with animated life on the premise of entropy reversal. William Sidis 1929 “On the Decrease in Entropy in a Thermodynamic System by the Intervention of Intelligent Beings” Disposed of Maxwell's demon via showing that the information collection abilities of the demon would require energy. Leo Szilard 1933Modern Thermodynamics by the Methods of Willard Gibbs The second book to distill Gibbs' Equilibrium. 1941 “Metabolic Generation and Utilization of Phosphate Bond Energy” Presented the theory of free energy coupling in the context of phosphate bond energy use. Fritz Lipmann 1944 What is Life? Introduced the lay world to the simplified postulate that life is something that "feeds on negative entropy". Erwin Schrödinger 1948 We Human Chemicals Prototype book to the science of human chemistry. Thomas Dreier 1952The Next Million Years The first book to use the terms "human molecule" and "human thermodynamics" in one theory 1971 The Entropy Law Introduced entropy to the economists. Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen 1972 "Thermodynamics of Evolution" An attempt at a nonequilibrium thermodynamics explanation of evolution. Ilya Prigogine Gregoire Nicolis Agnes Babloyantz 1977 Self-Organization in Non-Equilibrium Systems: From Dissipative Structures to Order Through Fluctuations Introduced the world to the view that life is a far-from-equilibrium dissipative structure. Ilya Prigogine Gregoire Nicolis 1978 "On the Thermodynamics of Biological Evolution" Outlined a Gibbsian thermodynamics view of evolution. Georgi Gladyshev 1984 Order Out of Chaos Introduced the lay world to the “dissipative structure” theory of bifurcations and fluctuations. Ilya Prigogine 1997Thermodynamic Theory of the Evolution of Living Beings The first book to explain evolution via changes in Gibbs free energy. 2001 "The Thermodynamics of Love" A light-hearted disscusion on the Gibbsian thermodynamics of love from a human chemical reaction point of view. David Hwang 2002 Ecological Stoichiometry: the Biology of the Elements from Molecules to the Biosphere Contains first published calculation for the human molecular formula for a human molecule. Robert Sterner
James Elser2004 Chemical Affinity in 1806 Chapter sub-section which discusses Goethe's human elective affinities in the context of modern chemical thermodynamics. Tominaga Keii 2007Human Chemistry The first textbook on the science of human chemistry; expounding on the view of systems of humans as Carnot cycle driven thermodynamic systems of chemically reactive human molecules. 2008 The Human Molecule The first book on the history of the concept of the "human molecule" the central component of a human thermodynamic system. Libb Thims
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