In existographies, Carl von Holtzmann (1811-1865) (CR:5), aka "Karl Holtzmann", was a German mathematical physicist, noted for []
Overview
In 1845, Holtzmann, in his “On the Heat and Elasticity of Gases and Vapors”, calculated a value for the mechanical equivalent of heat. [1]
Carnot
Holtzmann says that he learned of Sadi Carnot’s heat theories, as discussed in his 1824 Reflections On the Motive Power of Fire, through the 1834 publications of French physicist Émile Clapeyron. [2] Holtzmann, however, could not find a copy of Carnot's paper. [4]
Clausius
Holtzmann’s paper is significant in that it is cited on the opening pages of German physicist Rudolf Clausius’ 1850 paper “On the Motive Power of Heat”, where he states that it is incorrect for both Holtzmann and Clapeyron to assume that the “quantity of heat” (in reference to indestructible particles of caloric) is constant.
Correctly, as Clausius would show over the next fifteen years, “the accomplishment of work requires not merely a change in the distribution of heat, but also an actual consumption of heat (referring to lost system heat as molecules do internal work on each other, otherwise known as entropy) and that, conversely, heat can be developed again by the expenditure of work (referring to the mechanical equivalent of heat)”. [3]
References
1. Holtzmann, Carl von. (1845). “Ueber die Wärme und Elasticität der Gase und Dämpfe” (“On the Heat and Elasticity of Gases and Vapors”), Mannheim: Taylor’s Scientific Memoirs, iv. 189; also Pogg. Ann., vol. 72a.
2. Cardwell, Donald. (1971). From Watt to Clausius: The Rise of Thermodynamics in the Early Industrial Age (pg. 225-26). Cornell University Press.
3. Clausius, Rudolf. (1850). "On the Motive Power of Heat, and on the Laws Which can be Deduced From it for the Theory of Heat." Poggendorff's Annalen der Physik, LXXIX, 368, 500.
4. Cardwell, Donald S.L. (1971). From Watt to Clausius: the Rise of Thermodynamics in the Early Industrial Age (pg. 225). Cornell University Press.
External links
● Carl Holtzmann (German → English) – Wikipedia.
