Date | Famous Publication | Significance |
450BC | Fragments of Aphorisms by: Empedocles | Introduced the four elements and two force model of everything; wherein, in his chemical aphorisms, friends were said to mix like water and wine, and enemies separate like oil and water. |
280BC | Letter To Herodotus by: Epicurus | Gives a nutshell synopsis of his matter + void theory of everything (Ѻ); a staple publication of Thomas Jefferson's philosophy. |
75BC | On the Nature of Things (De Rerum Natura) by: Lucretius | The version shown is a 1947 three-volume set comprised of prolegomena, text, translation, and commentary by Cyril Bailey. (Ѻ) |
1616 | Chemical Wedding by: Johannes Andreae | |
1620 | Elements of Chemistry by: Herman Boerhaave | Established Boerhaave's law; later used by Lavoisier. |
1660 | New Experiments: Physico-Mechanical, Touching the Spring of the Air, and its Effects: Made, for the most part, in a New Pneumatical Engine by: Robert Boyle | In defense of this publication, found in the 1662 second edition, contains Boyle's law, a forerunner to the ideal gas law. |
1686 | Principia: the Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy by: Isaac Newton | |
1690 | A New Method of Obtaining Very Great Motive Powers at Small Cost by: Denis Papin | Laid out the designs for the steam engine and described the outline of the Carnot cycle. |
1718 | "Query 31" by: Isaac Newton | Seeded the logic of affinity chemistry; used by French chemist Étienne Geoffroy to make the world's first affinity table. |
1718 | Table of Affinities Between Different Substances By: Étienne Geoffroy | |
1738 | Hydrodynamica by: Daniel Bernoulli | Defined pressure and verbally stated the precepts of the ideal gas law. |
1775 | A Dissertation on Elective Attractions by: Torbern Bergman | |
1777 | “Newton in Senegal” by: Jean Sales | A ridicule of soul-based morality via social Newton logic. |
1782 | “On Friendship” by: William Cowper | Described the mixing of courtier and patriot to that of salts with lemon juice, both resulting in an effervescence; one of the first reaction-stylized Empedocles chemical aphorism. |
1787 | Elements of Chemistry by: Antoine Lavoisier | Introduced the world, and particularly Sadi Carnot, to caloric theory. |
1796 | “Third Lecture on Anatomy” by: Johann Goethe | Discusses chemical affinity for the first time. |
1798 | "An Enquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat which is Excited by Friction" by: Benjamin Thomson | Laid question to Lavoisier's caloric theory; thus initiating the postulate of the mechanical equivalent of heat. |
1809 | Elective Affinities by: Johann Goethe | |
1824 | Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire by: Sadi Carnot | Initiated the science of thermodynamics with its description of the Carnot cycle. |
1829 | Calculation of the Effect of Machines by: Gustave Coriolis | Mathematically defined work and kinetic energy. |
1834 | “Memoir on the Motive Power of Fire” by: Émile Clapeyron | Introduced physicists (particularly Thomson and Clausius) to Carnot's Reflections. |
1840 | “The Establishment and Development of the Idea of Chemical Affinity” by: William Whewell | |
c.1845 | "The Mathematician in Love" by: William Rankine | |
1845 | “On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat” by: James Joule | Established the mechanical equivalent of heat. |
1848 | “On an Absolute Thermometric Scale founded on Carnot’s Theory of the Motive Power of Heat, and Calculated from Regnault’s Observations.” by: William Thomson | Introduced the absolute temperature scale. |
1849 | “An Account of Carnot’s Theory of the Motive Power of Heat; with Numerical Results Deduced from Regnault’s Experiments on Steam” by: William Thomson | Introduced Clausius to the difficulties inherent in Carnot's principle. |
1850 | "On the Moving Force of Heat and the Laws of Heat which may be Deduced Therefrom" by: Rudolf Clausius | Began to lay the foundations for the science of thermodynamics (mechanical theory of heat). |
1851 | “On the Dynamical Theory of Heat" by: William Thomson | Contains the Kelvin-statement of the second law. |
1852 | “On a Universal Tendency in Nature to the Dissipation of Mechanical Energy” by: William Thomson | Introduced dissipation and energy to the lay public; and established the law of dissipation. |
1855 | Force and Matter by: Ludwig Buchner | |
1857 | "On the Nature of the Motion which we call Heat" by: Rudolf Clausius | Initiated kinetic theory of gases and later the development of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. |
1859 | A Manual of the Steam Engine and Other Prime Movers by: William Rankine | First textbook on thermodynamics. |
1859 | On the Origin of Species by: Charles Darwin | |
1865 | The Mechanical Theory of Heat by: Rudolf Clausius | |
1868 | Philosophical Implications of Thermodynamics by: Gustave Hirn | First book to address the philosophical ramifications of the newly-formed universal science of thermodynamics; Hirn's work is that to which the term 'human thermodynamics' was first used (1893). |
1872 | "Further Studies on the Thermal Equilibrium of Gas Molecules" by: Ludwig Boltzmann | Contained the first explicit probabilistic expression, the H-theorem, for the entropy of an ideal gas. |
1874 | “The Mathematician in Love” by: William Rankine | A equation of love containing poem about love being a type of thermodynamic potential. |
1876 | On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances by: Willard Gibbs | |
1877 | “On a Relation between the Second Law of Thermodynamics and Probabilities” by: Ludwig Boltzmann | Contains the origins of proportionality equation between S and log W (S = k ln W). |
1878 | “A Paradoxical Ode” by: James Maxwell | Maxwell's final private thoughts about the relationship of science and religion, choice and chance, death and eternity. |
1881 | Outline of a Mechanics of Society by: Eduard Sacher | |
1882 | "The Thermodynamics of Chemical Processes" by: Hermann Helmholtz | Showed that free energy is the measure of affinity. |
1884 | Studies in Chemical Dynamics by: Jacobus van't Hoff | Defined affinity as the maximum external work done by the chemical reaction at constant temperature and volume |
1886 | "The Second Law of Thermodynamics" by: Ludwig Boltzmann | Introduced the life is a struggle for entropy riddle. |
1887 | The Doctrine of Energy by: Georg Helm | First book to contain a chapter devoted to the application of energetics (and thermodynamics) in sociology and economics. |
1888 | The Will to Power: An Attempt at a Revaluation of All Values by: Friedrich Nietzsche | A collection of 1067 draft notes aimed, supposedly, at a thermodynamics based reformulation of all values; claimed by some to be the prolegomenon outline of his ideas to his envisioned magnum opus. |
1893 | "The Scientific Work of Gustav Adolph Hirn" by: Bryan Donkin | The term "human thermodynamics" was coined in it. |
1894 | “Among the Bards” by: John Spollon | |
1895 | “A Project for Scientific Psychology” by: Sigmund Freud | Outlined of a chemical thermodynamics based psychology; the Helmholtz terms 'bound energy' and 'unbound energy' were first employed in a psychological sense. |
1898 | Essay on Social Mechanics by: Leon Winiarski | |
1899 | Lessons on Social Movement by: Maurice Hauriou | Explains large scale social movements, i.e. gross aspects of business, social events, states of a society, etc., in terms of pure thermodynamics, using Carnot efficiency, Mayer's conservation of energy, and Clausius' entropy, etc., discussed in the guise of mechanism and reaction. |
1900 | "The Teaching of Pure Political Economics and Social Mechanics in Switzerland" by: Leon Winiarski | The first article to outline (and advocate) the teaching of a course on applied thermodynamics in sociology, politics, and economics at the University of Geneva (1894-1900). |
1901 | “On the Law of Distribution of Energy in the Normal Spectrum” by: Max Planck | Introduced the “energy element”, launching quantum mechanics, solved the ultraviolet catastrophe, applied Boltzmann’s 1872 H-theorem version of entropy, in the form of S = k log W, to black body radiation, situated the principle of elementary disorder. |
1905 | "Affinity Lecture" by: Wilhelm Ostwald | Did a Goethe to Gibbs affinity history lecture. |
1910 | “Monistic Sunday Sermons” by: Wilhelm Ostwald | A series of 60 plus sermons or lectures on how energy-based monism replaces god-based theism, and the repercussions and details of this view; a type of natural science based atheism Sunday school, so to say, devoid of any supernatural suppositions. |
1910 | A Letter to American Teachers of History by: Henry Adams | Argued that the teaching of the second law in history courses (history thermodynamics) should be mandatory. |
1912 | The Energetic Imperative by: Wilhelm Ostwald | Introduced the subject he called "anthropic physics", based on the energetic imperative, translated later into the thermodynamic imperative and the translated rule-of-thumb "waste not free energy" (William Bayliss, 1915) |
1912 | Treatise on General Sociology by: Vilfredo Pareto | |
1914 | Human Chemistry by: William Fairburn | First booklet on the science of human chemistry; viewing people as "human chemical elements" with ideas on human entropy, affinities, reactions of individuals, etc. |
1914 | “The European War” by: Eugene Roeber | |
1923 | Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances by: Gilbert Lewis | |
1925 | The Animate and the Inanimate by: William Sidis | An attempt at a reconciliation of the second law with animated life on the premise of entropy reversal. |
1925 | Elements of Physical Biology by: Alfred Lotka | Attempted a reversible heat engine deconstruct of systems of interacting evolving biological species. |
1927 | "Transmission of Information" by: Ralph Hartley | Introduced the logarithmic model |
1929 | “On the Decrease in Entropy in a Thermodynamic System by the Intervention of Intelligent Beings” by: Leo Szilard | Disposed of Maxwell's demon via showing that the information collection abilities of the demon would require energy. |
1933 | Modern Thermodynamics by the Methods of Willard Gibbs by: Edward Guggenheim | The second book to distill Gibbs' Equilibrium. |
1938 | Man on His Nature by: Charles Sherrington | |
1938 | The Phenomenon of Man by: Pierre Teilhard | Attempts a reconciliation synthesis of evolution, the second law, consciousness, and religion. |
1941 | “Metabolic Generation and Utilization of Phosphate Bond Energy” by: Fritz Lipmann | Presented the theory of free energy coupling in the context of phosphate bond energy use. |
1941 | “The Story of the Contented Molecule” by: Quaker State Motor Oil | Empedocles-style children's parable. |
1944 | What is Life? by: Erwin Schrödinger | Introduced the lay world to the simplified postulate that life is something that "feeds on negative entropy". |
1948 | We Human Chemicals by: Thomas Dreier | A "soft" storyteller like version human chemistry and how people are chemicals who react together in various ways. |
1952 | The Next Million Years by: C.G. Darwin | The first book to use the terms "human molecule" and "human thermodynamics" in one theory |
1955 | “It’s a Chemical Reaction, That’s All” By: Cole Porter | |
1956 | Thermodynamics of Humans by: Mehdi Bazargan | One of the first books to describe human existence and function using thermodynamics formulations. |
1956 | “The Thermodynamic Activity of the Male Housefly” by: Kaj Lang | A spoof article on anyone who cited Schrodinger's What is Life, scaled up to the fly level, and or Alfred Lotka stylized physical chemistry methods applied at the insect to animal interaction scale. |
1957 | "Free Energies of Formation from the Elements" in: Energy Transformations in Living Matter (by: Hans Krebs and Hans Kornberg) by: Keith Burton | Lists free energy of formation values ΔGfº for about 100 bioorganic species of biochemical reactions, able to make predictions on reactions that had not yet occurred. |
1971 | “Chemical Thermodynamics in the Real World” by: Frederick Rossini | |
1971 | The Entropy Law by: Nicholas Georgescu | Introduced entropy to the economists. |
1972 | "Thermodynamics of Evolution" by: Ilya Prigogine, Gregoire Nicolis, Agnes Babloyantz | An attempt at a nonequilibrium thermodynamics explanation of evolution. |
1977 | Self-Organization in Non-Equilibrium Systems: From Dissipative Structures to Order Through Fluctuations by: by: Ilya Prigogine and Gregoire Nicolis, | Introduced the world to the view that life is a far-from-equilibrium dissipative structure. |
1978 | "On the Thermodynamics of Biological Evolution" by: Georgi Gladyshev | Outlined a Gibbsian thermodynamics view of evolution. |
1979 | "The Social Thermodynamics of Ilya Prigogine" by: Wil Lepkowski | One of the first articles devoted to the prospect of using thermodynamics to understand social processes. |
1984 | Order Out of Chaos by: Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers | Introduced the lay world to the “dissipative structure” theory of bifurcations and fluctuations. |
1987 | New Dimensions in Sociology: a Physico-Chemical Approach to Human Behavior by: Mirza Beg | |
1987 | Goethe’s Elective Affinity and the Chemistry of its Time by: Jeremy Adler | The first book to attempt to unravel the chemists and affinity chemistry behind human chemical reaction theory of Goethe's Elective Affinities. |
1992 | "Human Molecules" by: Alan Nelson | Established the postulate that "economic agents" should be considered as "human molecules", according to which concepts from thermodynamics should apply. |
1997 | Thermodynamic Theory of the Evolution of Living Beings by: Georgi Gladyshev | The first book to explain evolution via changes in Gibbs free energy. |
1997 | “In Defense of Thermodynamics: an Animate Analogy” by: Sture Nordholm | Outlined the subject of "animate thermodynamics", the thermodynamics of animate matter and the animate world. |
1998 | “Human Societies: a Curious Application of Thermodynamics” by: Erich Muller | |
2000 | “The Physics of Relationships” by: Christopher Hirata | |
2001 | "The Thermodynamics of Love" by: David Hwang | A lighthearted discussion on the Gibbsian thermodynamics of human relationships from a human chemical reaction point of view. |
2001 | “Humans, All Too Chemical” by: Kaspar Bott | |
2002 | “Chemistry in the Work of Goethe” by: Volker Wiskamp | |
2002 | Ecological Stoichiometry: the Biology of the Elements from Molecules to the Biosphere by: Robert Sterner and James Elser | Contains first published calculation for the human molecular formula for a human molecule; i.e. the Sterner-Elser human molecular formula:H375,000,000O132,000,000C85,700,000N6,430,000Ca1,500,000P1,020,000S206,000Na183,000K177,000 |
2004 | "Chemical Affinity in 1806" by: Tominaga Keii | Chapter sub-section which discusses Goethe's human elective affinities in the context of modern chemical thermodynamics. |
2007 | Human Chemistry (ch. 16: Human Thermodynamics) by: Libb Thims | |
2008 | The Human Molecule by: Libb Thims | The photo shown is a screenshot of an Issuu.com stack of books on "reality" in which Thims' The Human Molecule is one of the top 39 books on the subject of what is real. |
2009 | Wealth, Energy, and Human Values: the Dynamics of Decaying Civilizations from Ancient Greece to America by: Thomas Wallace | Applies physical chemistry logic, i.e. reactions, dynamics, mechanisms, transition states, etc., to the explanation of the historical growth and decline of civilizations, using concepts such as reaction equations, A + B → C + D, Le Chatelier’s principle, and most importantly the Gibbs equation, ΔG = ΔH – TΔS, which, as he says, 'determines whether processes conducted by society will take place'. |