A diagram of Egyptian “hell” (Ѻ), which is a lake of fire, situated near or under the crocodile-hippopotamus-lion god Ammit (or Ammut), aka “the devourer”, in the judgment hall, who eats the souls heavy with sin (or negative confessions), which then goes, following digestion, into the fiery pit or lake. |
“The unwise hate their life, yet want to live for fear of Hades.”— Democritus (c.420BC) Fragment D63; cited by Stobaeus (c.550BC) in Ethics (III.4.73) [11]
“They do not know the nature of the soul: if it is born or at birth slipped into us; whether, destroyed by death, it dies with us, or goes to see hell’s broad and lightless pools, or by some miracle passes to other creatures [see: transmigration], as our loved Ennius sang, who first brought down from lovely Helicon garlands evergreen to grow in fame wherever Italians live. Yet Ennius claimed the underworld exists, and told his tale in deathless verse, a place where neither soul nor flesh lives on but a sort of 'images', pale and eerie things.”— Lucretius (55BC), On the Nature of Things (translator: Frank Copley) (pg. 3) (1:112-23)
“I use the teachings of the philosophers and thinkers of antiquity to show that god does not exist, that the world is eternal, that the soul is mortal, that hell is nothing but a fairy tale, and that religion is a political artifice. A cunning deception is that death is detestable, because nothing stifles him [it?]. Thus, I have divided the work, as Theophrastus of Eresus did it, into six books: the first on the gods, the second on the world, the third on religion, the fourth on the soul and on hell, the fifth on the contempt of death, the sixth on the natural life. All this belongs to the argument with the gods. If it has been proved that the gods do not exist, the rest understands itself.”— Anon Theophrastus (c.1659), Theophrastus Redivivus (pg. 8) [1]
“I wish, when cold, to warm in hell.”— Thomas Aikenhead (c.1696) (Ѻ) [2]
“Thermodynamics might be able to say, though very vaguely, if there is going to be a resurrection and another world, how this may occur and what the other world may look like … In this way, we may be able to examine to what extent the signs of the other world, as provided by the prophets, are plausible. If these signs about the resurrection, paradise and hell form a reasonable and sensible related collection that new sciences, to some extent, affirm, then such beliefs are not baseless.”— Mehdi Bazargan (1960) [3]