In science, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) was a German mathematician noted the coining of Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens’ quantity mv² by the name vis viva or “living force” in 1686 and his general theory of the conservation of vis viva. [1] Leibniz is one of the few people to have an IQ over 200.

Leibniz’s version of calculus, to note, was used (over that of Isaac Newton’s) by French engineer Lazare Carnot, who made use of Leibniz’s ideas about mechanical energy conservation.

Calculus notations
Leibniz was also the first to employ the use of the symbols for differentiation "d" and integration "∫", which are used so predominately in thermodynamics on the various integrations of the working body. According to Leibniz's notebooks, a critical breakthrough occurred on 11 November 1675, when he employed integral calculus for the first time to find the area under a function y=ƒ(x). He introduced several notations used to this day, for instance the integral sign ∫ representing an elongated S, from the Latin word summa and the d used for differentials, from the Latin word differentia. This ingenious and suggestive notation for the calculus is probably his most enduring mathematical legacy. Leibniz did not publish anything about his calculus until 1684. [2]

References
1. George E. Smith. (2006). "The Vis Viva Dispute: A Controversy at the Dawn of Dynamics", Physics Today 59, Oct., Issue 10, pp 31-36.
2. (a) For an English translation of this paper, see Struik (1969: 271–84), who also translates parts of two other key papers by Leibniz on the calculus.
(b) Struik, D. J. (1969). A Source Book in Mathematics, 1200–1800. Harvard Uni. Press.

External links
● Gottfried Leibniz – Wikipedia.